C-terminus of p53 is required for G₂ arrest

Abstract

Mutation of four lysine residues in the p53 C-terminal domain inhibits MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53 and alters its subcellular distribution. This implies that modification (such as acetylation and phosphorylation) of amino acid residues in p53 C-terminal domain, regulate the biological functions of p53. In this study, we demonstrated that p53 with lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 mutated to alanine (the A4 mutant) retained the transactivation activity of wild-type p53, although the transactivation activity of p21 promoter by the A4 mutant was slightly reduced. The inducible expression of wild-type p53 and the A4 mutant in H1299 cells caused growth inhibition due to cell-cycle arrest. Consistent with previous studies, the expression of wild-type p53 elicited G₁ and G₂ arrests. However, the cells expressing the A4 mutant underwent G₁ arrest but not G₂ arrest. Cyclin B1-associated kinase activity was reduced in cells expressing wild-type p53 but not A4, when the cells underwent G₂ arrest. This suggests that modification of the p53 C-terminal domain might inhibit p53-mediated G₂ arrest. In other words, p53 requires an intact C-terminus to induce G₂ arrest.