Abstract
The INK4a/ARF locus which is frequently inactivated in human tumours encodes two different tumour suppressive proteins, p16INK4a and ARF. p16INK4a is a major component of the RB pathway. ARF is part of an ARF-mdm2-p53 network that exerts a negative control on hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic stimuli. Among these is the transcription factor E2F1, a final effector of the RB pathway, that induces ARF expression. Recent data suggest that ARF function is not restricted to the p53 pathway. However, ARF target(s) implicated in this p53-independent function remains to be identified. We show that ARF is able to inhibit the proliferation of human cell lines independently of their p53 status. In this context, we demonstrate that ARF interacts physically with E2F1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Moreover, we show that mdm2 is required for the modulation of E2F1 activity by ARF. Beside the well-known p53 and mdm2 partners, these results identify E2F1 as a new ARF target. Thus, ARF can be viewed as a dual-acting tumour suppressor protein in both the p53 and RB pathways, further emphasizing its role in tumour surveillance.
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Acknowledgements
We thank KH Vousden, K Helin, D Trouche, Y Xiong and G Lozano for materials and C Oddou and P Perron for technical assistance. We are also grateful to Véronique Della-Valle (INSERM U434) for its contribution to anti-ARF antibody validation and JC Coll for helpful discussion. This work was supported by grants from the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, from the comité Départemental de la ligue contre le Cancer de l'Isère et de la Vienne and from the Groupement des Entreprises Françaises dans la Lutte contre le Cancer. B Eymin was supported by INSERM (Poste d'accueil) and L Karayan held a fellowship from the Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer.
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Eymin, B., Karayan, L., Séité, P. et al. Human ARF binds E2F1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Oncogene 20, 1033–1041 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204220
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204220
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