Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Paper
  • Published:

Genetic analysis of ETS genes in C. elegans

Abstract

The recent completion of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome has revealed that this nematode worm has 10 members of the ETS gene family. Isolation and analysis of C. elegans mutants and subsequent screens to identify interacting genes can proceed very quickly in this model organism. Molecular genetic analysis of the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway in C. elegans identified the ETS family transcription factor Lin-1 as a nuclear effector of this evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway. Here we review classical genetic approaches used to discover the role of Lin-1 in the Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway and describe new technologies that can be applied to the analyses of signaling pathways and transcription factor regulatory networks in C. elegans.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aroian RV, Koga M, Mendel JE, Ohshima Y and Sternberg PW. . 1990 Nature 348: 693–699.

  • Beitel GJ, Tuck S, Greenwald I and Horvitz HR. . 1995 Genes Dev. 9: 3149–3162.

  • Ben David Y, Giddens EB, Letwin K and Bernstein A. . 1991 Genes Dev. 5: 908–918.

  • Benian GM, L'Hernault SW and Morris ME. . 1993 Genetics 134: 1097–1104.

  • Bochert MA, Kleinbaum LA, Sun LY and Burton FH. . 1998 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246: 176–181.

  • Breton-Gorius J, Favier R, Guichard J, Cherif D, Berger R, Debili N, Vainchenker W and Douay L. . 1995 Blood 85: 1805–1814.

  • Brunner D, Ducker K, Oellers N, Hafen E, Scholz H and Klambt C. . 1994 Nature 370: 386–389.

  • Carrere S, Verger A, Flourens A, Stehelin D and Duterque-Coquillaud M. . 1998 Oncogene 16: 3261–3268.

  • Chakrabarti SR and Nucifora G. . 1999 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264: 871–877.

  • Chalfie M, Tu Y, Euskirchen G, Ward WW and Prasher DC. . 1994 Science 263: 802–805.

  • Chang C and Sternberg PW. . 1999 Cancer Metastasis Rev. 18: 203–213.

  • Chang CH, Scott GK, Kuo WL, Xiong X, Suzdaltseva Y, Park JW, Sayre P, Erny K, Collins C, Gray JW and Benz CC. . 1997 Oncogene 14: 1617–1622.

  • Chang J, Lee C, Hahm KB, Yi Y, Choi SG and Kim SJ. . 2000 Oncogene 19: 151–154.

  • Degnan BM, Degnan SM, Naganuma T and Morse DE. . 1993 Nucleic Acids Res. 21: 3479–3484.

  • Delattre O, Zucman J, Plougastel B, Desmaze C, Melot T, Peter M, Kovar H, Joubert I, de Jong P and Rouleau G. . 1992 Nature 359: 162–165.

  • Donaldson LW, Petersen JM, Graves BJ and McIntosh LP. . 1994 Biochemistry 33: 13509–13516.

  • Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Kostas SA, Driver SE and Mello CC. . 1998 Nature 391: 806–811.

  • Ferguson EL and Horvitz HR. . 1985 Genetics 110: 17–72.

  • Gengyo-Ando K and Mitani S. . 2000 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 269: 64–69.

  • Han M and Sternberg PW. . 1990 Cell 63: 921–931.

  • Hara M and Han M. . 1995 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 3333–3337.

  • Hart A, Melet F, Grossfeld P, Chien K, Jones C, Tunnacliffe A, Favier R and Bernstein A. . 2000 Immunity 13: 167–177.

  • Hart AH, Corrick CM, Tymms MJ, Hertzog PJ and Kola I. . 1995 Oncogene 10: 1423–1430.

  • Hodgkin J and Herman RK. . 1998 Trends Genet. 14: 352–357.

  • Jacobs D, Beitel GJ, Clark SG, Horvitz HR and Kornfeld K. . 1998 Genetics 149: 1809–1822.

  • Janknecht R and Nordheim A. . 1992 Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 3317–3324.

  • Jansen G, Hazendonk E, Thijssen KL and Plasterk RH. . 1997 Nat. Genet. 17: 119–121.

  • Kaji H, Tsuji T, Mawuenyega KG, Wakamiya A, Taoka M and Isobe T. . 2000 Electrophoresis 21: 1755–1765.

  • Kas K, Finger E, Grall F, Gu X, Akbarali Y, Boltax J, Weiss A, Oettgen P, Kapeller R and Libermann TA. . 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275: 2986–2998.

  • Katz WS, Hill RJ, Clandinin TR and Sternberg PW. . 1995 Cell 82: 297–307.

  • Koizumi S, Fisher RJ, Fujiwara S, Jorcyk C, Bhat NK, Seth A and Papas TS. . 1990 Oncogene 5: 675–681.

  • Kornfeld K. . 1997 Trends Genet. 13: 55–61.

  • Kuwabara PE. . 1997 Trends Genet. 13: 455–460.

  • Kwiatkowski BA, Bastian LS, Bauer Jr TR, Tsai S, Zielinska-Kwiatkowska AG and Hickstein DD. . 1998 J. Biol. Chem. 273: 17525–17530.

  • Laudet V, Hanni C, Stehelin D and Duterque-Coquillaud M. . 1999 Oncogene 18: 1351–1359.

  • Leiden JM, Wang CY, Petryniak B, Markovitz DM, Nabel GJ and Thompson CB. . 1992 J. Virol. 66: 5890–5897.

  • Lelievre-Chotteau A, Laudet V, Flourens A, Begue A, Leprince D and Fontaine F. . 1994 FEBS Lett. 354: 62–66.

  • Liu LX, Spoerke JM, Mulligan EL, Chen J, Reardon B, Westlund B, Sun L, Abel K, Armstrong B, Hardiman G, King J, McCague L, Basson M, Clover R and Johnson CD. . 1999 Genome Res. 9: 859–867.

  • Logan SK, Garabedian MJ, Campbell CE and Werb Z. . 1996 J. Biol. Chem. 271: 774–782.

  • Maroulakou IG, Papas TS and Green JE. . 1994 Oncogene 9: 1551–1565.

  • Martinelli SD, Brown CG and Durbin R. . 1997 Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 8: 459–467.

  • Mavrothalassitis G, Fisher RJ, Smyth F, Watson DK and Papas TS. . 1994 Oncogene 9: 425–435.

  • Mello CC, Kramer JM, Stinchcomb D and Ambros V. . 1991 EMBO J. 10: 3959–3970.

  • Meyer D, Wolff CM, Stiegler P, Senan F, Befort N, Befort JJ and Remy P. . 1993 Mech. Dev. 44: 109–121.

  • Michaelis RC, Velagaleti GV, Jones C, Pivnick EK, Phelan MC, Boyd E, Tarleton J, Wilroy RS, Tunnacliffe A and Tharapel AT. . 1998 Am. J. Med. Genet. 76: 222–228.

  • Miller III DM, Desai NS, Hardin DC, Piston DW, Patterson GH, Fleenor J, Xu S and Fire A. . 1999 Biotechniques 26: 914–921.

  • Miller LM, Gallegos ME, Morisseau BA and Kim SK. . 1993 Genes Dev. 7: 933–947.

  • Miyazaki Y, Sun X, Uchida H, Zhang J and Nimer S. . 1996 Oncogene 13: 1721–1729.

  • Oettgen P, Akbarali Y, Boltax J, Best J, Kunsch C and Libermann TA. . 1996 Mol. Cell Biol. 16: 5091–5106.

  • Oettgen P, Finger E, Sun Z, Akbarali Y, Thamrongsak U, Boltax J, Grall F, Dube A, Weiss A, Brown L, Quinn G, Kas K, Endress G, Kunsch C and Libermann TA. . 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275: 1216–1225.

  • Oettgen P, Kas K, Dube A, Gu X, Grall F, Thamrongsak U, Akbarali Y, Finger E, Boltax J, Endress G, Munger K, Kunsch C and Libermann TA. . 1999 J. Biol. Chem. 274: 29439–29452.

  • Plasterk RH. . 1992 Bioessays 14: 629–633.

  • Prasad DD, Rao VN and Reddy ES. . 1992 Cancer Res. 52: 5833–5837.

  • Price MA, Rogers AE and Treisman R. . 1995 EMBO J. 14: 2589–2601.

  • Qi S, Chen ZQ, Papas TS and Lautenberger JA. . 1992 DNA Seq. 3: 127–129.

  • Rabault B and Ghysdael J. . 1994 J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28143–28151.

  • Sarafi-Reinach TR and Sengupta P. . 2000 Genes Dev. 14: 2472–2485.

  • Scholz H, Deatrick J, Klaes A and Klambt C. . 1993 Genetics 135: 455–468.

  • Sgouras DN, Athanasiou MA, Beal Jr GJ, Fisher RJ, Blair DG and Mavrothalassitis GJ. . 1995 EMBO J. 14: 4781–4793.

  • Spyropoulos DD, Pharr PN, Lavenburg KR, Jackers P, Papas TS, Ogawa M and Watson DK. . 2000 Mol. Cell Biol. 20: 5643–5652.

  • Sternberg PW and Han M. . 1998 Trends Genet. 14: 466–472.

  • Tabara H, Grishok A and Mello CC. . 1998 Science 282: 430–431.

  • Tan PB, Lackner MR and Kim SK. . 1998 Cell 93: 569–580.

  • Treisman R. . 1994 Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 4: 96–101.

  • Tymms MJ and Kola I. . 1994 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 39: 208–214.

  • Tymms MJ, Ng AY, Thomas RS, Schutte BC, Zhou J, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Seth A, Rosenberg M, Papas T, Debouck C and Kola I. . 1997 Oncogene 15: 2449–2462.

  • Walhout AJ, Sordella R, Lu X, Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA, Thierry-Mieg N and Vidal M. . 2000 Science 287: 116–122.

  • Wasylyk B, Hagman J and Gutierrez-Hartmann A. . 1998 Trends Biochem. Sci. 23: 213–216.

  • Watson DK, Smyth FE, Thompson DM, Cheng JQ, Testa JR, Papas TS and Seth A. . 1992 Cell Growth Differ. 3: 705–713.

  • Wood WBE. . 1988 The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods DB, Ghysdael J and Owen MJ. . 1992 Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 699–704.

  • Wu H, Moulton K, Horvai A, Parik S and Glass CK. . 1994 Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 2129–2139.

  • Yang BS, Hauser CA, Henkel G, Colman MS, Van Beveren C, Stacey KJ, Hume DA, Maki RA and Ostrowski MC. . 1996 Mol. Cell Biol. 16: 538–547.

  • Zhang L, Eddy A, Teng YT, Fritzler M, Kluppel M, Melet F and Bernstein A. . 1995 Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 6961–6970.

  • Zhou J, Ng AY, Tymms MJ, Jermiin LS, Seth AK, Thomas RS and Kola I. . 1998 Oncogene 17: 2719–2732.

  • Zwaal RR, Broeks A, van Meurs J, Groenen JT and Plasterk RH. . 1993 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7431–7435.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Joseph Culotti and members of his laboratory at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, specifically Peter Roy, Lijia Zhang, and Bruce Nash for advice, technical assistance and access to their mutagenized C. elegans library. This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) and Terry Fox Cancer Foundation to A Bernstein.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hart, A., Reventar, R. & Bernstein, A. Genetic analysis of ETS genes in C. elegans. Oncogene 19, 6400–6408 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204040

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204040

Keywords

Search

Quick links