Abstract
Pioneer studies have proposed that multiple metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, increased Na+-H+ exchanger activity and abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis, are frequently associated with a subset of essential hypertensive patients with low plasma renin activity (PRA). However, it is unclear whether insulin resistance is related to the low renin status in the very early phase of genetical hypertension. Besides, there is controversy on the subject of the in vivo effect of acute hyperinsulinaemia on sodium-related factors. We investigated the relationship between sodium-related parameters and insulin sensitivity, and the effects of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels in 17 young, lean, normotensive male subjects, who displayed extreme predispositions for the development of hypertension. PRA was significantly lower in the positive than in the negative family history group (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity (M-value) was correlated with PRA before euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamping (r = 0.577, P < 0.05), and was also inversely correlated with fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) before clamping (r = −0.51, P < 0.05). Euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia significantly decreased PRA (P < 0.0001) and increased cGMP (P < 0.05) and ANP levels (P < 0.01). In conclusion, insulin sensitivity may be partially determined by PRA levels and FENa before clamping in young, lean, normotensive male subjects. Acute euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia decreases PRA, and increases cGMP and ANP levels from the fasting condition.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Modan M et alHyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance J Clin Invest 1985 75 809–817
Ferrannini E et alInsulin resistance in essential hypertension N Engl J Med 1987 317 350–357
DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Diabetes Care 1991 14 173–194
Ohno Y et alImpaired insulin sensitivity in young, lean normotensive offspring of essential hypertensives: possible role of disturbed calcium metabolism J Hypertens 1993 11 421–426
Allemann Y et alInsulin sensitivity and body fat distribution in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents Lancet 1993 341 327–331
Allemann Y, Weidmann P Cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal dysregulations in normotensive offspring of essential hypertensive parents J Hypertens 1995 13 163–173
Endre T et alInsulin and renal sodium retention in hypertension-prone men Hypertension 1994 23 313–319
Weir MR Insulin resistance and salt sensitivity A renal hemodynamic abnormality? Am J Hypertens 1996 9 193S–199S
Resnick LM Cellular calcium and magnesium metabolism in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension and related metabolic disorders Am J Med 1992 93 11S–20S
Sharma AM, Schorr U, Distler A Insulin resistance in young salt-sensitive normotensive subjects Hypertension 1993 21 273–279
Feldman RD, Logan AG, Schmidt ND Dietary salt restriction increases vascular insulin resistance Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996 60 444–451
Iwaoka T et alDietary NaCl restriction deteriorates oral glucose tolerance in hypertensivepatients with impairment of glucose tolerance Am J Hypertens 1994 7 460–463
DeFronzo RA et alThe effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man J Clin Invest 1975 55 845–855
Rocchini AP The relationship of sodium sensitivity to insulin resistance Am J Med Sci 1994 307 (Suppl 1) S75–S80
Bohlen L et alAtrial natriuretic factor increases in response to an acute glucose load J Hypertens 1994 12 803–807
Tanabe A et alEffects of acute hyperinsulinemia on plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide concentrations Eur J Endocrinol 1995 132 693–698
Baba T et alEffect of 4-hour hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia on plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations Horm Metab Res 1995 27 95–99
Clark BA et alEffect of glucose, insulin, and hypertonicity on atrial natriuretic peptide levels in man Metabolism 1993 42 224–228
Abouchacra S et alInsulin blunts the natriuretic action of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertension Hypertension 1994 23 1054–1058
Ohno Y et alInsulin sensitivity and calcium homeostasis in young, lean, normotensive male subjects Hypertens Res 2000 23 433–440
DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance Am J Physiol 1979 237 E213–E223
Nakao K et alRadioimmunoassay for alpha-human and rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984 124 815–821
van Hooft IM et alRenal hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normotensive subjects with hypertensive and normotensive parents N Engl J Med 1991 324 1305–1311
Singh RB et alBlood pressure trends, plasma insulin levels and risk factors in rural and urban elderly populations of north India Coron Artery Dis 1997 8 463–468
Donovan DS et alEffect of sodium intake on insulin sensitivity Am J Physiol 1993 264 E730–E734
Feldman RD, Schmidt ND Moderate dietary salt restriction increases vascular and systemic insulin resistance Am J Hypertens 1999 12 643–647
Fliser D et alThe effect of dietary salt on insulin sensitivity Eur J Clin Invest 1995 25 39–43
Suzuki H et alSodium balance and hypertension in obese and fatty rats Kidney Int Suppl 1996 55 S150–S153
Hayashida T et alEnhanced Na-H exchanger activity in relation to hypertension in genetically insulin resistant Wistar fatty rats J Hypertens 1996 14 S180
Panahloo A et alThe insertion allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism A candidate gene for insulin resistance? Circulation 1995 92 3390–3393
Chiu KC, McCarthy JE The insertion allele at the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene locus is associated with insulin resistance Metabolism 1997 46 395–399
Yamamoto J et alInsulin resistance and angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism in Japanese hypertensive subjects Hypertens Res 1999 22 81–84
Rossi GP et alGenetic determinants of plasma ACE and renin activity in young normotensive twins J Hypertens 1999 17 647–655
Trovati M et alInsulin influences the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in humans Metabolism 1989 38 501–503
Gans RO et alRenal and cardiovascular effects of exogenous insulin in healthy volunteers Clin Sci (Colch) 1991 80 219–225
Shimamoto K et alInsulin sensitivity and the effects of insulin on renal sodium handling and pressor systems in essential hypertensivepatients Hypertension 1994 23 129–133
Kawasaki T et alIndividual renin-aldosterone responses of clinically healthy young Japanese men to dietary sodium and posture Jpn Heart J 1979 20 631–642
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohno, Y., Suzuki, H., Yamakawa, H. et al. Correlation of sodium-related factors with insulin sensitivity in young, lean, male offspring of hypertensive and normotensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 15, 393–399 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001211
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001211
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
The association of brain natriuretic peptide and insulin resistance in obesity-related hypertension
Journal of Human Hypertension (2007)