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Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary sciences, and broadly encompasses solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate and climate change, marine and freshwater systems, and ecology. It also considers the interactions between humans and these systems.
Deploying carbon dioxide removal options at the urban scale could not only make a substantial contribution to the global mitigation of climate change but could also have large potential mitigation and adaptation co-benefits. However, upscaling at the global scale is constrained by numerous uncertainties, economic barriers and governance issues.
Recent learnings in non-sewered sanitation remain fragmented; this Review integrates findings into one consistent terminology to identify synergies in scientific findings and explore future potential application of new technologies.
Ground shaking resulting from earthquakes of Mw 6 or greater in the Los Angeles basin can be estimated in real-time using a machine learning approach trained on synthetic data from physics-based simulations.
Quan et al. show that warming-induced changes in plant community height in a cold, high-elevation region enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration, emphasizing the importance of plant traits in shaping the carbon cycle under climate change.
Rich nations’ fixation on forests as climate offsets has resulted in the needs of those who live in or make a living from these resources being ignored. A broader view and more collaboration between disciplines is required.
Hydrous minerals within the Earth affect volatile cycling and mantle geodynamics. Jun Tsuchiya explains how stable phases of these minerals are being uncovered at increasingly high pressures.