The June 2023 marine heatwave over the northwest shelf of Europe developed rapidly with weak winds, strong insolation and low wave activity, and led to temperature records in northern Europe, according to an analysis of in situ measurements, satellite data and model simulations.

People in the Global South have stronger hope but broader concerns about solar geoengineering than in the Global North; both regions support multilateral coordination and public engagement but are skeptical about effectiveness, according to an analysis of survey data and focus groups in 22 countries.

Impacts of enhanced cosmic radiation from a nearby supernova on Earth’s biosphere would be limited by compensating effects in ozone catalytic chemical cycles and the resulting increase in cloud and aerosol abundance, according to Earth system modelling.

A long-exposure photography technique combined with air pollution monitoring can be used to create light paintings to highlight air pollution and create a broader public discourse on how to improve it, suggests the environmental community project “Air of the Anthropocene”.

Seafloor craters under the Barents Sea were caused by rapid dissociation of gas hydrates following ice retreat during the last deglaciation, according to coupled ice-sheet-gas-hydrate modelling informed by bathymetric, geophysical and geological observations

Alkalinity enhancement of wastewater through addition of magnesium hydroxide greatly reduces aqueous CO₂ on discharge to the ocean, according to experiments and a field trials which suggests the process could be used to enhance atmospheric CO₂ removal.

People in the Global South have stronger hope but broader concerns about solar geoengineering than in the Global North; both regions support multilateral coordination and public engagement but are skeptical about effectiveness, according to an analysis of survey data and focus groups in 22 countries.

Ancestral and contemporary mariculture practices used throughout the Northeast Pacific enhance habitat complexity and invertebrate diversity, based upon analysis of field surveys and habitat models.

Icelandic granitoids are not analogues for continental crust on the early Earth but can help understand how silicic crust forms on other terrestrial planets without plate tectonics, according to geochemical modelling based on four granitic Iceland plutons.

Rangelands in Mongolia suffered a marked decline in grazing conditions between 1986 and 2020, according to an approach which combines satellite big data with statistical modeling to remotely assess rangeland sustainability and management strategies

A combination of anthropogenic warming and natural variability led to another record-breaking year of warmth in 2023. Global mean temperatures in 2023 nearly exceeded the 1.5 °C threshold, making it both a scientific and societal imperative to understand the underlying reasons for this warmth.

Attribution of the record-shattering global annual heat in 2023 to human and/or natural factors is fundamentally required for reliable predictions of upcoming global warming and its impacts. An observation-model comparison of global hot areas supports a key role for human-induced climate change, with a small contribution from El Niño.

In northern China and the Korean Peninsula, air pollution has worsened over the past ten years, but the two countries have not cooperated efficiently to resolve the problem. China and Korea must separate environmental negotiations and diplomatic actions to address the transboundary nature of air pollution.

Oxygen levels in the ocean increased three times between the early Ediacaran and the early Cambrian, in synchrony with major developments in animal evolution.

In 2021, one in five people in Africa was affected by hunger, and the continent had the highest prevalence of undernourished people globally. We argue that food systems in Africa can be more resilient if their development includes climate adaptation.

Large language models can summarize, aggregate, and convey localized climate-related data to people in a cost-effective and expeditious manner. This Comment introduces a simple, proof-of-concept prototype and argues that the approach holds the potential to truly democratize climate information.