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The Lin28/let-7 axis regulates metabolic pathways in normal and pathological contexts. Here the authors show that pharmacological inhibition of Lin28 protects against lipid accumulation in multiple preclinical models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Nucleus accumbens cholinergic interneurons release acetylcholine and glutamate. Here, authors show that acetylcholine, rather than glutamate, is predominantly involved in updating dopamine dynamics mediating Pavlovian approach behaviours.
Experimental microsurgery techniques are powerful for studying embryonic development but require highly trained operators to achieve reproducible results. Here they develop a high precision robotic micromanipulation platform to systematically perturb the physical structure of the developing zebrafish embryo, revealing key insights on the mechanics of body axis morphogenesis.
Heat extremes have been growing at staggering rates with global warming. This study shows that temperature variability is key to explaining the highly heterogeneous trajectories of future extremes and their rapid intensification in many regions.
How glial cells like astrocytes shape complex brain functions remains unclear. Here, the authors identified an astrocyte-mediated excitatory signaling loop between neurons and their own dendritic signal integration that supports spatial memory.
Efferocytosis describes the engulfment and clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Here the authors identify in primary mouse macrophage WDFY3 as a regulator for efferocytosis, in which c-terminal WDFY3 is sufficient to modulate degradation while full-length WDFY3 is required to modulate the uptake of apoptotic cells.
Some bacteria use the muropeptide transporter AmpG for uptake and recycling of cell wall fragments that are released during cell growth and division. Here, Gilmore & Cava show that the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which lacks an AmpG homologue, uses a different type of transporter for the same function, which is essential for normal growth in this organism.
The authors investigate whether strong light-matter coupling can alter the nonlinear optical response of molecules inside a microcavity. Focusing on electroabsorption as a model third order nonlinearity, they find that apparent discrepancies between experiment and classical transfer matrix modeling arise from dark states in the system and are not a sign of new physics in the strong coupling regime.
Based on preclinical studies, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and immunization for the enzyme that produces GABA glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) could be a potential therapy for type 1 diabetes. Here the authors report that in a placebo-controlled, double blind trial in children with new onset type 1 diabetes oral GABA plus GAD did not preserve beta-cell function measured as fasting/meal-stimulated c-peptide levels.
Pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus can undergo bisexual and unisexual reproduction. Here, the authors construct a gene-deletion library for over 100 transcription factor genes in Cryptococcus deneoformans and provide insights into regulatory cascades that are specific for each reproductive mode.
While water splitting offers a renewable means to produce H2 fuel, most electrolyzers rely on scarce elements to function. Here, authors study low-content Iridium catalysts derived from mixed oxides for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis anodes without compromising activity and durability.
The interplay between histone modifications and DNA methylation plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the epigenomic landscape. Here, the authors develop a nanopore sequencing based method for mapping histone modifications and DNA methylation from native, long, single DNA molecules.
Imaging non-repetitive loci in living cells remains challenging. Here, the authors engineered an inducible system whereby biomolecular assemblies can be guided to specific genomic loci by a nuclease-defective Cas9, allowing the simultaneous imaging and manipulation of the loci.
It is not fully understood how sensory ambiguity introduced by eye movements is resolved by the visual system. Here, the authors use an encoding model to capture gain modulation of visual responses in 7 T fMRI data.
Multimaterial 3D printing using digital light processing (DLP) is challenging because multimaterial switching methods require direct contact onto the printed part to remove residual resin. Here, the authors report a DLP-based centrifugal multimaterial 3D printing method to generate large-volume heterogeneous 3D objects where composition, property and function are programmable at voxel scale.
Combining high-speed AFM, single molecule recognition force spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations Zhu, Canena, Sikora et al. characterize the interaction dynamics of the trimeric spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 wt, and delta and omicron variants with its entry receptor ACE2. While delta variant increases avidity by multivalent binding to ACE2, omicron variant shows an extended binding lifetime.
Organic macrocycles and cages have been well-developed as porous solids for gas detection but balancing adaptability and robustness in these materials remains challenging. Here, the authors report a dynamic 3D covalent organic framework that can undergo concerted and adaptive structural transitions upon adsorption of gas and vapours.
Existing methods for temperature estimation of warm dense matter rely on model calculations. Here the authors report a method to extract the temperature of complex materials that is previously only inferred by using model calculations.
Alkene diazidations represent a promising strategy for the synthesis of 1,2-diamines. Here, the authors report a protocol that enables alkene diazidation via iron-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer, providing a versatile platform to access structurally diverse diazides without using external oxidants.
Designing efficient sensing-memory-computing systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a self-powered vertical tribo-transistor based on MXenes to implement the multi-sensing-memory-computing function and the interaction of multisensory integration.