Translational immunology articles from across Nature Portfolio

Basophils have been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as evidenced by the fact that basophil-deficient mice do not develop the disease. Here, the authors demonstrate that PD-L1 and IL-4 expression in basophils promotes the pathogenic accumulation of follicular helper T cells in patients with SLE and murine models.

Xenotransplantation is an imminent clinical reality but concerns remain around the logistics of procurement and the experimental immunosuppression regimens required to achieve long-term xenograft survival. Here the authors show more than 6 month survival of genetically modified porcine kidneys in baboons after regulatory compliant organ procurements, clinically relevant organ preservation times and FDA-approved immunosuppressive reagents.

In graft rejection, Th17 promotes tertiary lymphoid tissue, neutrophilic infiltration and DSAs. The RORγt inverse agonist TF-S14 inhibits Th17 cytokines, antibody class switching and prolongs allograft survival in sensitized mice.

Cupedo and colleagues show that neutrophils promote a tumor-supportive microenvironment via a self-amplifying interaction between neutrophils and bone marrow stromal cells. This scenario creates a promyeloma niche that is difficult to treat despite targeted therapies directed at the myeloma cells.

Bacteriophage can be used to target bacterial infection and used as a therapeutic approach for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Here the authors show that the use of bacteriophage to target antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mouse model of infection can induce phage specific immune responses and may impair their therapeutic efficacy.

This Comment article proposes that the transfer of surface molecules between interacting cells by trogocytosis might affect the cellular specificity of monoclonal antibodies, as well as the functionality of receiving cells.

In mice and humans, changes in neutrophil phenotypes and functionality during aging aggravate thromboinflammation in ischemic brain injury and determine the pathology associated with strokes. In mice, inhibition of CXCL3 signaling and rejuvenation of bone marrow offer ways of restricting brain injury and improving stroke outcomes.

A study of the immune microenvironment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER⁺) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) identifies pro-tumor and anti-tumor macrophages as key players that can potentially influence disease outcome.

We describe a 53-year-old man with HIV-1 who received allogeneic CCR5Δ32/Δ32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 2013 to treat acute myeloid leukemia. Four years after analytic treatment interruption (ATI), the absence of viral rebound and the lack of immunological correlates of HIV-1 antigen persistence provide convincing evidence for HIV-1 cure.

The phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of synovial tissue fibroblasts are well described, whereas the cellular and molecular mechanisms that establish this diverse fibroblast repertoire in the adult joint have remained unclear. When is the fate of synovial fibroblast repertoire determined, and what are the consequences for arthritis development as adults?