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| Open AccessCritical role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 in the disruption of cerebrovascular integrity in experimental stroke
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a vital role in vascular homeostasis through the interaction with its receptors S1PR1-5. Here, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches, the authors show that S1PR2-mediated signaling is crucial for the disruption of cerebrovascular integrity and development of intracerebral haemorrhage in a mouse stroke model.
- Gab Seok Kim
- , Li Yang
- & Teresa Sanchez
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Article
| Open AccessBruton’s tyrosine kinase is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and contributes to ischaemic brain injury
Activation of inflammasome contributes to several pathologies. Here, the authors show that Bruton’s tyrosine kinase is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and that blocking it with the FDA-approved inhibitor ibrutinib limits tissue damage in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke.
- Minako Ito
- , Takashi Shichita
- & Rimpei Morita
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Metabolic properties in stroked rats revealed by relaxation-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy at ultrahigh fields
1H magnetic resonance can detect endogenous metabolites at physiological concentrations but its application in animal models is challenged by low sensitivity. Here the authors focus ultrahigh magnetic fields on metabolites whose spectral signatures are selectively excited, and achieve microarchitectural insight of rat brains after a stroke.
- Noam Shemesh
- , Jens T. Rosenberg
- & Lucio Frydman
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The β-hydroxybutyrate receptor HCA2 activates a neuroprotective subset of macrophages
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is produced in the liver in response to a ketogenic diet. Here, Rahman et al. show that β-hydroxybutyrate mediates the neuroprotective effect of a ketogenic diet by activating the HCA2receptor on a neuroprotective subset of macrophages.
- Mahbubur Rahman
- , Sajjad Muhammad
- & Markus Schwaninger
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PI3Kδ inhibition reduces TNF secretion and neuroinflammation in a mouse cerebral stroke model
PI 3-kinase is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In this study, the authors show that inhibition of the delta isoform of PI 3-kinase attenuates the release of tumour necrosis factor from microglia as well as the signs and symptoms associated with cerebral stroke in an in vivomouse model.
- Pei Ching Low
- , Silvia Manzanero
- & Frédéric A. Meunier
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Article
| Open AccessThe collagen-binding protein of Streptococcus mutans is involved in haemorrhagic stroke
The risk factors associated with both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke are not fully understood. Here a certain strain of the bacteria,Streptococcus mutans, which expresses a collagen-binding protein, is shown to be associated with haemorrhagic stroke in both animal models and human patients.
- Kazuhiko Nakano
- , Kazuya Hokamura
- & Takashi Ooshima