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A phylogeny is a hypothetical reconstruction of the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms or a set of sequences (nucleotide or amino acid). Phylogenies are often represented graphically in the form of a 'tree' and enable scientists to find new relationships between organisms.
Grasses share a whole-genome duplication called rho, but the adaptive implications are unclear. Here, the authors conduct phylogenomic and phylotranscriptomic analyses of 363 grasses, identifying additional whole-genome duplications and finding that duplicates are implicated in environmental adaptations or morphogenesis.
Hawaiian endemic mints represent the second largest plant radiation in the archipelago. Here, the authors present a reference genome and numerous resequenced individuals to uncover evidence for polyploidy, geographic speciation and localized hybridization underlying diversification in this lineage
Chitwood et al. report on the rapid expansion of a Ural-lineage multidrug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Moldova. This strain has an estimated reproduction number more than two times greater than otherwise similar drug susceptible strains.
The concept of reference frames inspires researchers to develop a differential ranking system for measuring relative differential abundance, which does not require information about absolute microbial load.
Complementary genomic frameworks for taxonomic classification of viruses infecting bacteria and archaea reveal evolutionary drivers, mosaicism and perspective on the genetic diversity of the tiniest, most abundant biological entities on Earth.