Management of mineral and bone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD–MBD) requires an understanding of the complex interactions among ions, hormones and their target organs. Since publication of the KDIGO CKD–MBD guideline in 2009, our understanding of disease pathophysiology has improved; however, a paucity of high-quality clinical evidence to support specific interventions remains. Using available data, KDIGO has now updated diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for patients with CKD–MBD.
- Wei Chen
- David A. Bushinsky