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Particle formation in an initial stage of emulsifier-free organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene at 60°C was investigated at two stirring rates (220 and 1000 r.p.m.), at which styrene phase floated as a layer on an aqueous phase at 220 r.p.m. or dispersed as droplets at 1000 r.p.m. Because percentage of PMAA30-TeMe consumed in the initial stage was much higher at 1000 r.p.m. than 220 r.p.m., self-assembly nucleation preferentially occurred at 1000 r.p.m., resulting in nanometer-sized particles and good control/livingness.
The solubility and phase behavior of five polyethers in 14 different room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) were studied by changing the structures of polyethers and the cations and anions in the ILs. Certain combinations of a polyether and an IL binary mixture exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase behavior. The phase separation temperature (cloud point) was revealed to be sensitive to the aromaticity and alkyl chain length of the IL cations, the anionic Lewis basicities of the ILs and the polarity of the polyethers. PEGE, poly(ethyl glycidyl ether).
