Abstract
Recently, evidence has been accumulating that inositol and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate play important roles in a variety of signal transduction systems including membrane traffic, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell motility. In this paper, we show for the first time that the SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP)-2 binds directly to the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF) receptor, c-Met, via phosphotyrosine 1356. HGF induces the breakdown of cell junctions and the dispersion of colonies of epithelial cells including MDCK cells. Whereas only few lamellipodia are observed in MDCK cells 2 min after stimulation with HGF, both SHIP-2- and SHIP-1-overexpressing cells form large, broad lamellipodia. The number of lamellipodia is 2–4-fold greater than that of mock-transfected MDCK cells in the same time period and SHIP is found to colocalize with actin at the leading edge. Furthermore, overexpression of a catalytic inactive mutant of SHIP-2 suppresses HGF-potentiated cell scattering and cell spreading, although these mutant-expressing cells form enhanced number of lamellipodia 2 min after HGF stimulation. Interestingly, cells expressing a mutant lacking the proline-rich domain of SHIP-2 at the C-terminal form few lamellipodia, but still spread and scatter upon stimulation with HGF at a reduced rate. These data suggest that phosphatase activity is required for HGF-mediated cell spreading and scattering but not for alteration of lamellipodium formation, while the proline-rich region influences lamellipodium formation. Furthermore, treatment with 10 μ M of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor, LY294002, abrogates HGF-induced cell scattering of SHIP-2-overexpressing cells but not parental HEK293 cells, suggesting that a balance between PI3 kinase and SHIP is important for cell motility.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Karsten Heidrich, Regina Wilms and Sabine Klebba-Färber for technical assistance, Christophe Erneux (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels) for providing the SHIP-2 and its mutant cDNAs, Larry Rohrschneider (Fred Hutchinson Cancer center, Seattle) for providing the SHIP-1 cDNA, Walter Birchmeier for providing the Met and its mutants cDNA and C Bruce Boschek for critically reading the paper. This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ta-111/8/-3) and Sonderforschungsbereich 566 (B2).
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Koch, A., Mancini, A., El Bounkari, O. et al. The SH2-domian-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP)-2 binds to c-Met directly via tyrosine residue 1356 and involves hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced lamellipodium formation, cell scattering and cell spreading. Oncogene 24, 3436–3447 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208558
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208558
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