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Oxidative metabolism, gap junctions and the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effect

Oncogene volume 22, pages 7050–7057 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Evidence accumulated over the past two decades has indicated that exposure of cell populations to ionizing radiation results in significant biological effects occurring in both the irradiated and nonirradiated cells in the population. This phenomenon, termed the ‘bystander response’, has been shown to occur both in vitro and in vivo and has been postulated to impact both the estimation of risks of exposure to low doses/low fluences of ionizing radiation and radiotherapy. Several mechanisms involving secreted soluble factors, oxidative metabolism and gap-junction intercellular communication have been proposed to regulate the radiation-induced bystander effect. Our current knowledge of the biochemical and molecular events involved in the latter two processes is reviewed in this article.

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Abbreviations

GJIC:

gap-junction intercellular communication

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SCE:

sister-chromatid exchanges

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

DPI:

diphenyliodonium

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to Drs Douglas Spitz, Roger Howell, Andrew Harris, Ashok Hospattankar, Perumal Venkatachalam and Veronica Leautaud for helpful comments and discussions. Research Grants FG02-98ER62685 (JBL) and FG02-02ER63447 (EA) from the US Department of Energy, 1RO1-CA92262-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health and 02-1081-CCR-S0 from the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research (EA) supported this investigation.

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  1. Department of Radiology, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

    Edouard I Azzam & Sonia M de Toledo

  2. Laboratory of Radiobiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Edouard I Azzam & John B Little

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  1. Edouard I Azzam
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Correspondence to Edouard I Azzam.

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Azzam, E., de Toledo, S. & Little, J. Oxidative metabolism, gap junctions and the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effect. Oncogene 22, 7050–7057 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206961

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