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Cell cycle regulation of the double stranded RNA activated protein kinase, PKR

Oncogene volume 18, pages 315–326 (1999)Cite this article

Abstract

The interferon (IFN)-induced, double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated serine/threonine kinase, PKR, is a potent negative regulator of cell growth when overexpressed in yeast or mammalian cells. To determine whether endogenous PKR plays a role in cell growth control, we have investigated the regulation of PKR levels and activity during the cell cycle in human glioblastoma T98G cells. The steady-state level of PKR mRNA in T98G cells was highest in growth arrested cells, dropped sharply within 3 h of serum stimulation then gradually increased as cells progressed through G1, reaching a plateau in early S phase. PKR protein level increased following serum stimulation reaching a peak at the G2+M boundary and declining thereafter. In contrast, PKR kinase activity exhibited two peaks, in early G1 and at the G1/S boundary, declining sharply in early S phase. Thus, the activity profile did not follow the protein profile indicating a tight regulation of PKR at the level of activity. In T98G cells expressing the catalytically inactive PKRK296R the dsRNA-induced activation of NF-κB and IRF-1 was suppressed and the mutant cells exhibited resistance to stress induced apoptosis. Cell cycle distribution analysis showed that the mutant expressing cells exhibited longer G1 phase and fewer cells engaged in S phase. Furthermore, early passage mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from PKR knockout mice grew more slowly compared with the control cells. Taken together these results suggest that PKR may play a role in cell cycle progression.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant to BRGW from the National Institutes of Health (AI34039). We thank RH Silverman and BW Carpick for comments on the manuscript and Shixing Yuan for constructing the lacI expressing T98G cell line, LacI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Bryan RG Williams

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  1. Maryam Zamanian-Daryoush
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  2. Sandy D Der
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  3. Bryan RG Williams
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Zamanian-Daryoush, M., Der, S. & Williams, B. Cell cycle regulation of the double stranded RNA activated protein kinase, PKR. Oncogene 18, 315–326 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202293

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