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DPPA2 and DPPA4 maintain bivalency at developmental gene promoters and protect them from DNA methylation, keeping them poised for future lineage-specific activation.
Bivalent chromatin domains contain opposing histone modifications that assist cell lineage specification. Two studies report a role for Dppa2 and Dppa4 in the establishment of bivalency and the prevention of de novo DNA methylation at development-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Sfeir and colleagues consider recent insights into the pathways that process and repair damaged mitochondrial genomes, nuclear–mitochondrial cross-talk during mtDNA stress, and links between mtDNA dysfunction and innate immunity.
The epigenetic priming factors DPPA2 and DPPA4 are required for efficient ESC differentiation because they maintain bivalency at developmental promoters and protect them from DNA methylation, thereby poising them for future lineage-specific activation.
Coupling of a single-cell ratiometric DNA methylation reporter with an unbiased CRISPR screen in ESCs identifies key genes and regulatory pathways that drive global DNA hypomethylation and establishes Dppa2 and Dppa4 as essential safeguards of focal epigenetic states.
Computational analysis of Ribo-seq data with ORFquant allows annotation and quantification of translation at the level of single open reading frames and reveals the extent of gene-specific differences in protein production in diverse human cell lines.
Structural elucidation and functional analyses of the CIA targeting complex (CTC) bound to DNA2 and primase illuminate the mechanism of cytoplasmic Fe–S cluster transfer to client proteins.
Cryo-EM structures of the S. cerevisiae condensin holo complex reveal that ATP binding triggers exchange of the two HEAT-repeat subunits bound to the SMC ATPase head domains, potentially leading to an interconversion of DNA-binding sites in the catalytic core of condensin that might form the basis of its DNA translocation and loop-extrusion activities.
Structural elucidation of the Kluyveromyces lactis telomeric Cdc13–Stn1–Ten1 complex unexpectedly reveals a distinct complex structure from that of RPA.
Cryo-EM and functional analyses of furin-cleaved spike from SARS-CoV-2 and the closely related spike from bat virus RaTG13 reveal differences in protein stability and binding to human receptor ACE2.
