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Although gynaecology is a specialty responsible for women’s health, the field was historically male-dominated and its science remains biased towards male perceptions of women’s health. In light of the changing social climate in our society and the changing gender composition of the specialty, a number of steps can be taken to make gynaecology more women-centred.
Transition from child-centred to adult-centred care is a crucial step for patients with a congenital urological disease. The aims are clear: preserving kidney function, continence, sexuality and fertility. No universal model for this process has been defined, but, while research continues, attention to individual patient’s needs will ensure the best results.
Evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease and that the urinary microbiome might also influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. In this Review, the authors discuss the mechanisms by which these microbial populations contribute to stone disease and how they might be therapeutically targeted.
The unfolded protein response has an important role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Here, the authors discuss its involvement in prostate cancer development and progression, interactions with androgen receptor signalling, and the therapeutic implications for the treatment of metastatic disease.
An association between infertility and poor somatic health exists, and infertility could be used as an indicator of a future pathological condition. However, the bidirectional relationship between infertility and poor health needs to be elucidated. In this Perspective, the authors discuss current advances and gaps in this area, focusing on lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage as potential molecular links between infertility and somatic health.
