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Overall survival after surgical treatment can be difficult to predict in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A new nomogram uses age, race, sex, and tumor size as predictive factors to determine the risk of death in patients with RCC. This nomogram might prove to be a valuable clinical tool once developed further.
Improving the end-of-life care for patients and their families has become an increasingly high priority for the UK National Health Service over the past decade. This Review describes several government initiatives, such as the National End of Life Care Programme, and, using a case history of a patient with terminal prostate cancer, how they have been implemented at a local level.
Urinary tract infections are experienced by a large section of the population and cause significant morbidity. Here, Nielubowicz and Mobley explain the pathogenic mechanisms utilized byEscherichia coli and Proteus mirabilisduring complicated and uncomplicated infection, respectively. They outline the strategies currently underway to exploit these processes for the identification of new treatment options.
Modification of dietary and lifestyle factors might have an important role in both the primary prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Here, Venkateswaran and Klotz outline the mechanisms by which dietary factors affect prostate cancer, and discuss how this knowledge might be used to design chemopreventive protocols for this disease.
In this Review, Zuniga and colleagues discuss partial orchiectomy as a viable alternative to radical surgery for selected patients with testicular lesions. Although currently only suitable for men with bilateral germ cell tumors or a solitary testicle, organ-sparing techniques might soon be considered appropriate for men with a normal contralateral testis.
Patients with carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) pose a difficult diagnostic challenge, but a missed diagnosis of the primary tumor site is, unfortunately, a frequent occurrence. Musser and colleagues describe a patient with a large para-aortic mass that was initially diagnosed as CUP, but was subsequently identified as metastatic seminoma that showed remarkable spontaneous regression.
