Presumed consent: yes we should
Chloë Harman
p177 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.47
Table of contents
April 2009 Vol 5 No 4
Free Sample Issue
Full text content of the April 2009 issue is freely available in both HTML and PDF formats.
Editorial
Research Highlights
Chronic kidney disease: Reduced benefit of coronary interventions in chronic kidney disease | PDF (121 KB)
p179 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.18
Transplantation: A simple test for PVN | PDF (100 KB)
p180 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.19
Phosphate binders 'effective' in PD | PDF (55 KB)
p180 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.22
Fatty acids for IgA nephropathy | PDF (56 KB)
p181 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.20
Transplantation: Bortezomib treats renal graft rejection | PDF (54 KB)
p181 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.7
Development: Insect nephrocytes resemble human podocytes | PDF (55 KB)
p181 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.9
Transplantation: Reassuring news for kidney donors | PDF (92 KB)
p182 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.21
Diabetes: Could vitamin 'B' the answer? | PDF (82 KB)
p182 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.8
News and Views
Hypertension: An ACCOMPLISHED regimen for hypertension
Fiona Turnbull
p183 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.25
At first glance, the findings of the ACCOMPLISH trial threaten to undermine the importance of diureticss in the arsenal of blood-pressure-lowering therapies. But closer examination reveals that the story is more complicated.
Acute kidney injury: Clinical value of urine microscopy in acute kidney injury
Sean M. Bagshaw & R. T. Noel Gibney
p185 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.23
Urine microscopy is a time-honored, readily available and commonly used noninvasive test to aid clinicians in discriminating between different forms of acute kidney injury. However, the diagnostic and prognostic importance of assessing urinary sediment is largely unknown.
Thrombotic microangiopathy: What not to learn from a meta-analysis
Marina Noris & Giuseppe Remuzzi
p186 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.28
A recent meta-analysis concluded that plasma exchange is the most effective intervention for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and that plasma manipulation offers no additional benefit over simple supportive therapy in hemolytic uremic syndrome. These findings must be interpreted with great caution, as response to treatment depends on the underlying disease etiology.
Hypertension: The message of World Kidney Day 2009
George L. Bakris, Eberhard Ritz & on behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
p188 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.27
World Kidney Day 2009 was celebrated last month in more than 100 countries, and aimed to raise awareness that the symbiotic relationship between hypertension and kidney disease should be prevented.
Transplantation: Neural networks for predicting graft survival
Bruce Kaplan & Jesse Schold
p190 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.24
Predicting outcomes of renal transplant recipients using standard statistical techniques is difficult. Novel approaches such as the use of artificial neural networks might improve the precision and accuracy in this area of medicine in which numerous and complex events contribute to outcomes.
Reviews
Fluid, electrolyte and acid–base disorders associated with antibiotic therapy
R. Zietse, R. Zoutendijk & E. J. Hoorn
p193 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.17
Antibiotic treatment can lead to a wide spectrum of disturbances in the electrolyte and/or acid–base balance, despite a preserved glomerular filtration rate. This Review describes how each nephron segment is affected by antibiotic treatment and discusses the mechanisms that lead to disrupted renal tubular function. This insight should pave the way for pathophysiology-directed treatment of these disorders.
The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in renal and cardiovascular diseases
Hunjoo Ha, Eun Y. Oh & Hi B. Lee
p203 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.15
An orally active small-molecule inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for renal and cardiovascular diseases. Here, authors from Ewha Womans University, Seoul review current understanding of the role of PAI-1 in renal fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia, with a particular focus on the regulation of PAI-1 expression by reactive oxygen species. They also discuss the progress that has been made toward achieving therapeutic suppression of PAI-1.
Membranous nephropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a therapeutic enigma
Chi Chiu Mok
p212 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.14
Membranous nephropathy is an uncommon form of lupus nephritis, accounting for only one-fifth of all cases. As a result, few reviews have focused on this condition. Here, Chi Chiu Mok summarizes the histological classification, clinical presentation, outcomes and therapy of membranous lupus nephropathy. As the optimal therapy for this form of lupus nephritis remains unclear, the author provides an algorithm to help guide treatment.
Cardiovascular abnormalities in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Tevfik Ecder & Robert W. Schrier
p221 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.13
This Review describes the cardiovascular manifestations of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, aneurysms and cardiac valvular disorders. The authors focus particularly on hypertension, with a detailed discussion of the pathogenesis of this condition in ADPKD and a comprehensive review of the renal and cardiovascular effects of antihypertensive treatment in the ADPKD setting. Recommendations for the optimal cardiovascular management of ADPKD are provided.
Cardiovascular disease in children with CKD or ESRD
Marc R. Lilien & Jaap W. Groothoff
p229 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.10
Children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a more than 700-fold increased risk of cardiac death compared with healthy children of the same age. Here, pediatric nephrologists from the Netherlands describe the arterial and cardiac abnormalities that are responsible for this high cardiovascular burden, outline the risk factors for such abnormalities, and suggest strategies for their prevention. The need for prospective follow-up studies of cardiac risk factors in the pediatric ESRD setting is highlighted.
Case Study
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a complication of graft-versus-host disease
Claudia Fofi, Simona Barberi, Antonella Stoppacciaro, Giorgio Punzo & Paolo Menè
p236 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.11
Kidney involvement can be a serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this Case Study, Fofi and colleagues describe a rare case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurring as a complication of chronic graft-versus-host disease following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
