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Studies reveal a gradient in the functional properties of neurons along the transverse axis of hippocampal CA3 and their likely contribution to pattern separation and pattern completion.
Neuronal atrophy early in a mouse model of spinal cerebellar ataxia 1 may represent an adaptive mechanism that restores the density of potassium channels in Purkinje neurons, thus normalizing membrane polarization and firing.
State-dependent fear conditioning can be induced by activation of hippocampal extrasynaptic GABAAreceptors and is regulated by protein kinase CβII activity and microRNA-33 signalling.
Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, are widely expressed in the brain, particularly in regions that are implicated in mediating reward. In this Review, Parsons and Hurd explore the role of endocannabinoid signalling in natural and drug-induced reward, as well as in addiction.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) results from the loss of the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Here, Klann and colleagues discuss the ways in which FMRP loss disrupts mRNA translation in the brain and the outcomes of genetic and pharmacological attempts to reset translational homeostasis in FXS model mice.
Attention processes allow the selection of salient information over competing inputs. In this Review, Amso and Scerif propose a framework for visual attention development that incorporates its interactions with visual and memory systems and may guide the design of training programmes to alleviate attention disorders.
Impairment of social cognition is an important feature of schizophrenia. Green and colleagues review the social processes that are affected in people with this disorder and consider empathy — a complex social cognitive function that involves several of these processes — in such individuals.
The causes and neurological mechanisms of tinnitus remain incompletely understood. In this Opinion, Elgoyhenet al. critically assess recent neuroimaging studies of people with tinnitus that implicate structural and functional changes among auditory and non-auditory areas and networks, and suggest ways to improve future research into the disorder.
