News & Comment

A new study finds that, in optogenetic approaches, light delivery itself may affect neural activity via tissue heating.

The encoding of salient events as memory traces involves the selective activation of specific neurons in the hippocampus and the inhibition of others, a process shown here to be regulated by GABAergic input from the nucleus incertus in the brainstem.

Ptgds-expressing neurons in the preoptic area of anterior hypothalamus detect increases in brain temperature and reduce core body temperature via increased production of prostaglandin D2.

Dysregulation of adaptive myelination might contribute to methotrexate chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in mice.

Astrocytes internalize and metabolize toxic neuronal lipids in an activity-dependent manner to maintain brain homeostasis.

Blood-borne pro-ageing signals are transmitted to the brain via VCAM1 and blocking its signalling can prevent cognitive decline in aged mice.

Certain cellular functions in artificially reperfused pig brains can be restored and maintained several hours after initial loss of cerebral blood flow.

In monkeys, some neurons in the amygdala may simulate a social partner’s decision-making process in a reward-based decision-making task.

Certain lasting antidepressant effects of ketamine in a mouse model of depression depend on the restoration of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex.

Grid cells in the rat medial entorhinal cortex distort their firing patterns local to a reward in the environment.

Sensory stimulus-induced gamma oscillations reduce pathology and cognitive dysfunction in mouse models of Alzheimer disease.

An intracellular molecule acts in a context-dependent manner to suppress responses to irrelevant guidance cues during axon development.

In ‘singing’ mice, the motor cortex controls the timing of rapid vocal exchanges to enable turn-taking during social interaction.

Neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of mice show increases and decreases in activity in response to aversive and appetitive stimuli.

Targeted ultrasound stimulation can specifically modulate the functional connectivity profiles of targeted structures — including deep structures — in the macaque brain, with effects lasting for up to 2 hours following stimulation.

The sexually dimorphic responses of male and female mice to their young are regulated by the activity of a specific population of neurons in the medial amygdala.

The neural ensembles within the prelimbic cortex representing remote (long-term) memories undergo time-dependent reorganization.

During nervous system development, secretion of netrin 1 from both the floorplate and the ventricular zone is shown to be important for guidance of commissural axons towards the ventral midline of the spinal cord.

The secreted fragment of the amyloid precursor protein binds to a subunit of GABA_B receptors to modulate neurotransmission.

In a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, calcium enters neurons via ‘nanoruptures’ in the cell membrane and accumulates in the cytoplasm of axons, driving axonal degeneration.