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In mouse primary visual cortex, subpopulations of layer six principal cells form distinct microcircuits that are involved in visual processing.

The existing properties of neurons in a network restrict its ability to learn to generate new activity patterns.

The emotional valence of a memory can be changed, and this probably involves a change in the connectivity between hippocampal and amygdalar memory traces.

Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring a mutation in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 exhibit synaptic deficits.

In mice, miR-34a-mediated downregulation of Notch signalling in the basolateral amygdala enables fear memory consolidation.

Astrocytes contribute to the maintenance of fast synchronous activity in the hippocampus and have a role in recognition memory.

High levels of central transforming growth factor-β1 induce hypothalamic inflammation and lead to hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance.

A subpopulation of neurons in a subdivision of the central amygdala have been found to mediate diverse anorexigenic signals.

Endostatin acts as a trans-synaptic signal to promote presynaptic homeostasis at the fly neuromuscular junction.

Mutant huntingtin pathology is shown to propagate between neurons and contribute to neurodegeneration.

Austism-linked mutations in neuroligin 3 promote repetitive behaviour in mice by targeting a striatal circuit.

In mice with mechanical hyperalgesia, reactivation of the sensitized pain pathways renders the hyperalgesic state labile and susceptible to being reversed.

A study by Krepleet al. shows that acid-sensitive ion channel 1A in the nucleus accumbens inhibits cocaine-related synaptic plasticity and cocaine-conditioned behaviour in rodents.

Noradrenaline released during arousal controls the ability of astrocytes to respond to local neuronal activity.

Studies show that postganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate from nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors.

The anti-ageing factor Klotho modulates cognition independently of its effects on ageing.

Pain-sensitive sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion release calcitonin gene-related peptide, which could over time have long-term consequences on metabolism and longevity by reducing pancreatic release of insulin.

CB1 cannabinoid receptors at the terminals of glutamatergic corticostriatal neurons exert neuroprotective effects by preventing excitotoxicity.

A high-fat diet causes persistent changes in the structure and function of the mouse olfactory system.

Stimulation of sleepers' brains with 40 Hz currents during rapid eye movement sleep can induce lucid dreaming.