Abstract

Ca²⁺ signals have profound and varied effects on growth cone motility and guidance. Modulation of Ca²⁺ influx and release from stores by guidance cues shapes Ca²⁺ signals, which determine the activation of downstream targets. Although the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie distinct Ca²⁺-mediated effects on growth cone behaviours remain unclear, recent studies have identified important players in both the regulation and targets of Ca²⁺ signals in growth cones.

Author affiliations

1. Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
   Email: tmgomez@wisc.edu
2. Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
   Email: zhengjq@umdnj.edu

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