Volume 15 Issue 10, October 2015

The transcription factor ATF7 mediates epigenetic changes that lead to innate immune memory.

Regulatory T cells have a non-redundant role in tissue repair that is distinct from their suppressive functions.

Neutrophils guide CD8⁺T cells into virus-infected tissue by leaving a trail of membrane particles enriched for CXCL12.

The epigenetic modifier TET2 is required to repress interleukin-6 gene transcription and resolve inflammation.

Ruslan Medzhitov describes a 2002 paper by Craig Thompson and colleagues that brought the concept of Warburg metabolism to lymphocytes.

The rapid response of innate immune cells requires metabolic reprogramming to support their specific effector functions. As discussed here, mTOR is a key regulator of this process: it senses the environmental and intracellular nutritional status of innate immune cells to dictate and optimize the inflammatory response.

Here, the authors review new insights into the diverse and pleiotropic roles of cytokines at different stages of colorectal cancer development and progression, emphasizing mutations and epigenetic adaptations that influence the oncogenic potential of cytokines and summarizing the challenges posed by complex cytokine networks for cancer immunomodulatory therapy.

This Review describes the host immune response toCandida fungal infections. The authors detail the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, as well as the non-immune mechanisms, that are involved in the antifungal response. They also discuss emerging evidence suggesting that both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to immune memory against Candidaspecies.

This Review focuses on the lesser studied antigen-presenting molecules group 1 CD1 proteins and MHC class I-related protein (MR1). The authors explain how their mode of presentation of lipids and small molecules to T cells differs from that of peptide–MHC presentation, and how new technologies are revealing unique T cell subsets that are specific for CD1 and MR1 proteins.

This Review describes our current understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses in the urinary tract and how immunomodulatory therapies could provide benefit in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens.