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This Comment discusses the potential effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on the immune system independently of obesity, by which UPFs might dysregulate the balance between the gut microbiota and immune cells.
Recent clinical studies show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, best known for treating B cell malignancies, can be used to treat patients with various B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors update us with the progress so far and the considerations for further improving and extending their therapeutic application.
This Review provides a guide to the memory cells of the adaptive immune system, comprising memory T cells, memory B cells and plasma cells; it covers their formation, function, heterogeneity, localization, regulation and maintenance, and the crucial technological advances that allowed their discovery.
A preprint by Ben-Chetrit et al. investigates the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate macrophage heterogeneity in solid breast cancer tumours.
Two papers in Immunity report the effects of acetylcholine secretion by intestinal tuft cells on epithelial cells and helminths that contribute to the anti-helminth response.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Sandra Nakandakari-Higa (of the Gabriel Victora lab) describes the latest version of their LIPSTIC technique for tracking diverse cell–cell interactions in vivo.
This Review from Comerford and McColl discusses recent advances that have been made in understanding the biology of the atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) family. The authors explain how these receptors interact with their ligands to shape immune responses and also highlight potential new additions to the ACKR family.
Compared with many other vaccines, current vaccines against influenza provide only limited protection. Here, the authors describe the challenges and recent attempts at generating T cell-based vaccines. It may be important to combine T cell-based vaccines with antibody-based vaccines to provide long-lasting immunity across influenza virus strains.
An optimal immune response to influenza virus strikes a balance between protective antiviral immune mechanisms and detrimental immunopathology. Here, the authors review the immune mechanisms responsible for each side of this balance and how this may inform future vaccine design.
Here, Rongbin Zhou and colleagues review the different types of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that trigger sterile inflammation via pattern recognition receptors. The authors group these DAMPs on the basis of whether they arise from inside cells, from neighbouring cells or from distant tissues, and they discuss the relevance of such DAMPs in various inflammatory disease settings.
Adrian Liston, professor of pathology at the University of Cambridge, UK, has published several illustrated children’s books on the topic of vaccination and has developed a computer game called ‘VirusFighter’. Here, he shares his thoughts on how to become an effective science communicator.
Sex hormones in male mice negatively regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the skin, impairing the induction and activation of dendritic cells and thereby contributing to differences in immunity in males and females.