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Nature Reviews Immunology 8, 402–403 (1 June 2008) | doi:10.1038/nri2345

Mucosal vaccines: NKT cells help fight flu

Lucy Bird

Although most vaccines against influenza virus are administered parenterally, emerging evidence suggests that vaccination through the nasal route is more effective in providing protection against multiple strains of influenza virus. For the induction of optimal mucosal immune responses, intranasal vaccination must be administered with an adjuvant.