Abstract

The superfamily of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins is conserved throughout the metazoan kingdom and has expanded rapidly during vertebrate evolution; there are now more than 60 TRIM proteins known in humans and mice. Many TRIM proteins are induced by type I and type II interferons, which are crucial for many aspects of resistance to pathogens, and several are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentiviruses. In this Review, we describe recent data that reveal broader antiviral and antimicrobial activities of TRIM proteins and discuss their involvement in the regulation of pathogen-recognition and transcriptional pathways in host defence.

Author affiliations

1. Program of Genomics and Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892–2753, USA.
2. Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Correspondence to: Keiko Ozato¹ Email: ozatok@nih.gov

Correspondence to: Herbert C. Morse, III² Email: hmorse@mail.nih.gov

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