Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Science and Society
  • Published:

Misleading media reporting? The MMR story

Abstract

The well publicised controversy about the safety of the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine in 2002 could have real consequences for public health, as the drop in take up of the vaccine has increased the risk of disease. What role has the media had in this process? To what extent — as some have claimed — did the media mislead the public about the risks of MMR, and precipitate the decline in public confidence? We try to answer these questions, exploring the relationship between media coverage and the public understanding of MMR.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Frequency of messages in MMR stories.
Figure 2: Perceived link between the MMR vaccine and medical disorders
Figure 3: Public awareness of the Prime Minister's position on the vaccination of his son.
Figure 4: Public opinion on the amount of research for and against the link between the MMRvaccine and autism.
Figure 5: If you were making a decision on whether to vaccinate your child against measles, mumps and rubella, what would you choose?

References

  1. Wakefield, A. J. et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, nonspecific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 351, 637–641 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Childhood Immunisation: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. The BMA Board of Science and Education (London, June 2003).

  3. Uhlmann, V. et al. Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Mol. Pathol. 55, 84–90 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Evans, M. H. et al. Parents' perspectives on the MMR immunisation: a focus group study. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 51, 904–910 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Iyengar, S. & Kinder, D. News That Matters (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ramsey, M. E., Yarwood, J., Lewis, D., Campbell, H. & White, J. M. Parental confidence in measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: evidence from vaccine coverage and attitudinal surveys. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 52, 912–916 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kitzinger, J. Media templates: patterns of association and the (re)construction of meaning over time. Media, Culture and Society 22, 61–84 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dixon, B. Triple vaccine fears mask media efforts at balance. Curr. Biol. 12, 151–152 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hargreaves, I., Lewis, J. & Speers, T. Towards a Better Map: Science, the Public and the Media (Economic and Social Research Council, London, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nathan, A. Health clinic fears MMR dirty tricks after bugging author. Sunday Times (Lond.) (April 28, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  11. McCombs, M., Danielian, L. & Wanta, W. in Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent (eds Salmon, C. & Glasser, T.) (Guilford Press, New York, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lewis, J. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They Like and Why We Seem to Go Along With It (Columbia University Press, New York, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jansen, V. A. A. et al. Measles outbreaks in a population with declining vaccine uptake. Science 8, 804 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Miller, E. MMR vaccine: review of benefits and risks. J. Infect. 44, 1–6 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Advances in global measles control and elimination: summary of the 1997 international meeting. Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep. 47, 1–23 (1998).

  16. World Health Report, 2001: Statistical annex. (WHO, Geneva, 2001).

  17. Center for Disease Control. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-preventable Diseases. (CDC, Atlanta, 2000).

  18. Peltola, H. et al. The elimination of indigenous measles, mumps and rubella from Finland by a 12 year two-dose vaccination program. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1397–1402 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Peltola, H. et al. No evidence for measles, mumps and rubella vaccine-associated inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a 14-year prospective study. Lancet 351, 1327–1328 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Madsen, K. M. et al. A population-based study of measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and autism. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1477–1482 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Taylor, B. et al. Autism and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet 353, 2026–2029 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Taylor, B. et al. Measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study. BMJ 324, 393–396 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Donald, A. & Muthu, V. No evidence that MMR vaccine is associated with autism or bowel disease. Clinical Evidence 7, 331–340 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  24. DeWilde, S., Carey, I., Richards, N., Hilton, S. R. & Cook, D. G. Do children who become autistic consult more after MMR vaccinations? Br. J. Gen. Pract. 51, 226–227 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Dales, L., Hammer, S. J. & Smith, N. J. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunisation coverage in California. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285, 1183–1185 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kaye, J. A., Melero-Montes, M. & Jick, H. Mumps, measles and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. BMJ 322, 460–463 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Justin Lewis.

Related links

Related links

Further information

Economic and Social Research Council

Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS)

MMR The Facts

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lewis, J., Speers, T. Misleading media reporting? The MMR story. Nat Rev Immunol 3, 913–918 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1228

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1228

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing