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Microbial metabolites can protect mice from diabetes by decreasing the frequency of autoreactive T cells and promoting the frequency of regulatory T cells.
Haemocytes inDrosophila melanogasterfacilitate antiviral immunity by amplifying and systemically disseminating RNA interference-mediated responses via exosome-like vesicles. Moreover, they allow for immune memory, akin to adaptive immune responses in mammals.
Linda Sherman describes a 1991 study by Hans-Georg Rammensee and colleagues that defines allele-specific motifs required for the binding of peptides to MHC molecules.
Receptor editing and apoptosis have crucial roles in promoting the central tolerance of B cells to self-antigens. Defects of these processes can result in autoimmunity or immunodeficiency disease in humans and mice.
The generation of a diverse T cell repertoire depends on heterogeneous populations of thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Here, the authors explain how different subsets of TECs support and coordinate different stages of T cell development to ensure the selection of a functional and self-tolerant T cell repertoire.
This Review describes the different populations of monocytes and macrophages, including Kupffer cells, that are found in the liver. The authors discuss the immune functions of these cells in the homeostatic liver as well as during liver infection and disease.
This Review describes the distinct mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells that are found in the different compartments of the eye. The authors discuss the importance of MPS cells for maintaining tissue homeostasis and explain how these cells contribute to eye pathology following a loss of immune privilege.
In this Timeline article, Shigekazu Nagata and Masato Tanaka highlight some of the key discoveries that have shaped the field of programmed cell death over the past 50 years and explain their relevance for the immune system.
