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Regulatory lymphocytes
The concept of immune regulation mediated by specialized lymphocytes has risen to prominence in recent years. Few investigators now doubt the existence of lymphocytes that can suppress harmful immune responses such as autoimmunity and allograft rejection. But, how many different subsets are there, how do they mediate their effects and what is their therapeutic potential?
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Decision making in the immune system
Immunologists are beginning to unravel the ways in which immune-system-specific signals, such as cytokines and antigen, interact with conserved molecular pathways to determine cell fate. In addition, the immune system is an attractive model system to study the regulation of cell-fate determination by biochemical, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Vaccines
Vaccination has made important contributions to human health with numerous success stories - including the eradication of smallpox and, despite some recent hiccups, the virtual elimination of polio. Despite these successes, there is some way to go before we can claim to have overcome all vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly in developing countries.