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New light is being shed on the interactions between the gut microbiome, cancer cell signalling and the host immune response. With this knowledge, microbiota-based approaches for improving cancer prevention, prognostication and therapy have started to materialize and will contribute to reducing the global cancer burden.
In 2023, we witnessed advances in allocation policies and marginal donors, including living donors. Key improvements included the uncapped Model for End-stage Liver Disease 3.0 score, unveiled machine perfusion trials to standard deceased donors and lessons from the aborted living donor liver transplantations.
Metastatic colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with poor patient outcomes. Although the past decade has seen few first-line treatment advances, key studies published in 2023 established new options for late-line therapy of the disease with and without oncogenic drivers, thus expanding the continuum of care in metastatic colorectal cancer.
In 2023, there were significant advancements in trials of interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity from alcohol-related liver disease, spanning the entire spectrum of disease: primary prevention to reduce overall alcohol-related harm, secondary prevention to attenuate fibrosis progression and tertiary prevention using antibiotics for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.
2023 was the most memorable year on record for obesity. The American Academy of Pediatrics recognized the complex, multifactorial nature of obesity and the broad range of treatments necessary to care for pediatric patients. The first-ever triple agonist and high-potency oral GLP1 agonist was introduced with unprecedented results.
Enteric nervous system function is essential for survival. Studies published in 2023 have provided important novel insights into the mechanisms that regulate its development and maintenance, and demonstrate how it can be restored when these mechanisms fail.
Important studies published in 2023 outlined new agents and strategies for the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Therapeutic ambitions for the management of inflammatory bowel disease were raised by the success of combinations of biologic agents in ulcerative colitis and early surgical resection in Crohn’s disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Here, the authors review evidence on the preclinical phase of IBD, outlining and describing the proposed at-risk, initiation and expansion phases. Overlap with other IMIDs is discussed alongside the possible future directions for research into preclinical IBD.
In this Review, Besselink and colleagues discuss preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical decision-making in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, including disease staging and response evaluation.
This Perspective explores the relationship between screening endoscopy and colorectal cancer incidence, examining available evidence and offering insights into the discrepancies between real-world and trial evidence alongside potential pitfalls with interpreting the data.
