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Despite enthusiastic efforts using the latest advanced molecular technologies, no specific universal genetic alteration has been found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The application of whole-genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing technologies is starting to clarify the intraindividual and intratumoral diversity in genomic alterations in HCC. A new sequencing era in HCC has begun.
Important advances have been made in the management of IBD in 2011. Research has focused on optimizing the currently available therapies and taking a more tailored approach to each individual patient.
