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The importance of commensal fungi in health and disease is becoming increasingly clear. In this Review, Ost and Round discuss the involvement of the mycobiota in intestinal diseases, and consider potential opportunities to target fungi and their interactions for therapeutic purposes.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) prevalence, including in children and adolescents, is rising worldwide. This Review offers a comprehensive overview of the lifestyle interventions available for NAFLD, including dietary and physical-activity strategies.
Liver inflammation is a key process that orchestrates intrahepatic injury. This Review offers a comprehensive overview of the inflammatory mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis and discusses current advances and therapeutic implications.
Recent randomized controlled trials in acute pancreatitis have provided evidence that challenges current approaches to management, including fluid resuscitation, antibiotic administration, management of infected necrosis and use of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The evidence means that we need to reassess the current management guidelines.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinical trials face a recruitment crisis. This is attributable to multiple individual trials competing for the same pool of participants, growing sample size demands and the increased availability of licensed alternative options for many potential participants. We need phase II trials that are more efficient both in design and in outcomes measured in order to deliver earlier and more precise answers, rather than simply offering a crude preview of what a subsequent phase III trial might look like.
In this Comment, we provide a strategic framework for what could and should be measured, across four domains, to optimize standards of care for multidisciplinary models of care in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
This Review discusses the role of the circadian clock in liver homeostasis, and how dysfunction of the liver circadian clock is associated with several liver-related diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Currently, systematic care for adults and adolescents with oesophageal atresia–tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) as they transition into adulthood is lacking. A multidisciplinary group of experts structured this Consensus Statement offering guidelines for the care of adolescents and adults with EA-TEF during transition.