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Over the past decade, the focus on modelling the human endometrium and its cyclical transformations has intensified, driven in part by the lack of notable progress in treating endometrial diseases. Gnecco and collaborators now unveil a cutting-edge endometrial organoid culture using synthetic hydrogels with endometrial niche peptides and epithelial and stromal cells.
Thyroid hormones have key functions throughout the body. However, thyroid function declines with age and thyroid diseases increase in prevalence. This Review outlines our current knowledge about how thyroid function changes with age and the implications for patient care.
Evidence indicates an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after breast cancer treatment, particularly for endocrine therapy. This Review outlines the evidence for adverse metabolic effects of endocrine therapies in humans. Potential mechanisms, informed by preclinical research, for the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus are discussed.
Inter-organ crosstalk is increasingly understood as an important mechanism contributing to insulin resistance and β-cell failure, the key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This Review discusses mediators of inter-organ crosstalk in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis and its related complications.
This Review discusses the current understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells. Discussion of these cells is used as an example of how metabolic tissue niches can dictate immune cell function in unique ways that diverge from the classic understanding of leukocyte biology.
