Volume 16 Issue 3, March 2020

A discovery metabolomic study was performed in a large cohort of adults to identify circulating biomarkers of frailty. The study found that carnitine and vitamin E pathways were dysregulated in frail compared with non-frail participants. These findings point to dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism as a potential root of age-related frailty.

This Review provides an up-to-date overview of the lipolytic effects of growth hormone (GH), setting current knowledge into the context of historical data. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of GH-induced lipolysis and insulin resistance as well as the actions of GH on different adipose tissue depots and adipocyte subsets are discussed.

This article discusses the role of thyroid hormones in craniofacial bone formation. The clinical consequences of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency are also outlined.

Selenium status varies across the world and adverse health effects have been observed at both extremes of intake. This Review discusses the physiological functions of selenium and highlights evidence that selenium status is important in thyroid function. The evidence for selenium supplementation from randomized clinical trials in benign thyroid diseases is also considered.

In this Consensus Statement, the International Atherosclerosis Society and International Chair on Cardiometabolic Risk Working Group on Visceral Obesity recommend that waist circumference be included routinely as a measurement in clinical practice. They summarize the evidence that waist circumference and BMI together can provide improved assessments of cardiometabolic risk compared with either measurement alone.