Volume 16 Issue 10, October 2020

Most research treats endometriosis as a single entity, potentially obscuring informative subtype-specific associations with risk factors, biomarkers and treatment responses. A 2020 study raises the hypothesis that deep endometriosis oestrogen receptor-α expression might be associated with progestin treatment and the degree of post-surgical excision pain.

Bone marrow adipose tissue secretes adipokines and is involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The confined bone marrow cavity could partially explain the resistance of bone marrow adipose tissue to insulin-mediated glucose uptake and its role in systemic energy regulation.

This Review highlights the evidence from clinical trials that diet-induced weight loss interventions can be used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The composition of the diet and the importance of physical exercise programmes are discussed. Lifestyle interventions for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus are also considered.

Sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This Review provides an in-depth overview of the role of SGLT2is as glucose-lowering agents and as cardiovascular and renal protective agents.

This Review outlines the latest understanding of the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism. Current treatment options are also discussed, including the potential for targeted therapies.

During the past 5 years, a number of notable research advances have been reported for neuroendocrine cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. This Review provides an up-to-date summary of the research advances that have improved the clinical management of these cancers.