Volume 15 Issue 9, September 2019

A comprehensive systematic review has recommended decreasing the number of individuals who receive treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism; however, data included in the study are extremely limited for young individuals. Extrapolating data from older individuals is perhaps unwise; therefore, the onus should be on the urgent need for further research.

Bariatric surgery often produces remission of hyperglycaemia in patients with coexistent obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the hyperglycaemia is prone to return years later. A prospective study demonstrates that therapy with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist can reinstate normal glycaemic control in many of these patients.

Adipocytes respond to environmental cues, such as metabolic stress, by releasing endocrine factors that modulate diverse physiological processes. This Review discusses the metabolic functions of adipose tissue-derived endocrine hormones and highlights how these factors might contribute to cardiometabolic diseases.

The human stress response has evolved to maintain homeostasis under conditions of stress. This Review outlines the role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in synchronizing the stress response with circadian regulatory processes and maintaining homeostasis.

This Review highlights various medical imaging techniques and fracture prediction tools that are used to diagnosis osteoporosis and discusses the potential importance of screening in at-risk populations.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that arises in the adrenal gland cortex. This Review highlights how genomics can be used to stratify ACC and potentially improve clinical care, outcomes and patient quality of life.