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Papacleovoulou and colleagues demonstrate that maternal cholestasis during pregnancy is associated with offspring adiposity and metabolic abnormalities, both in humans and in mice. This study reinforces the overwhelming evidence of the critical role of the in utero environment as a major determinant of adult health and disease.
A recent observational study has reported that androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. As a result of limited biological plausibility and critical measured and unmeasured confounders, the reported link is more likely to be casual than causal.
A recent study has identified novel African-derived haplotypes, previously unreported in white people, which predispose to or are protective against type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in African Americans. These findings could have important implications for T1DM disease risk and prognosis assessment in African Americans.
Resistance to insulin leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but only when accompanied by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. This Review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in T2DM and discusses how modulating FOXO1 activity might serve as a new therapeutic target to treat T2DM.
Many autoimmune diseases share a large proportion of their genetic background with other autoimmune diseases, which could result in common drug targets for several diseases. This Review focuses on the latest insights into the genetic factors that contribute to a range of autoimmune diseases.
Wnt signalling is crucial for bone formation, as mutations in this pathway can lead to skeletal disorders. This Review summarizes current studies on Wnt signalling and advances in therapeutic approaches targeting Wnt antagonists to enhance bone formation.
Differentiated thyroid cancer is known to have a good prognosis and usually has a slow progression. A recent study questions the need for using the established radioiodine therapy for remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy. However, initial radioiodine therapy reduces the rate of relapse and is an excellent diagnostic tool that improves follow-up.
Lifestyle intervention is recommended as the primary treatment for childhood obesity. This Review outlines current knowledge of the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for children with obesity or overweight and discusses factors that affect the success of these interventions.
A successful pancreas transplant can prevent, halt or reverse the development or progression of secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. This Review provides an overview of the different approaches to pancreas transplantation, and the clinical outcomes, benefits and risks of these procedures. The article includes updated findings from the International Pancreas Transplant Registry.