PrimeViews in 2020

This PrimeView highlights the risk factors of myopia, a prevalent eye disorder that causes blurred distance vision.

This PrimeView highlights the risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss, and accompanies the Primer on this topic by Dimitriadis and colleagues.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of allergic rhinitis, an allergic disorder that manifests as sneezing and nasal congestion, itch and discharge upon exposure to causative allergens.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) originate from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, and are caused by viral infection or carcinogen exposure. This PrimeView provides an overview of HNSCC diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment as well as patient quality of life.

Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness and cognition. This PrimeView reviews delirium epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management as well as patient quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of Paediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs), and accompanies the Primer article on Paediatric FAPDs by Enck and colleagues.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of adult chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and accompanies the Primer article on CRS by Bachert and colleagues.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. This PrimeView accompanies the Primer article on neuromyelitis optica by Jarius and colleagues.

This PrimeView describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of metastatic bone disease, and highlights the specific treatment approaches to prevent and manage bone metastases from solid tumours as well as myeloma bone disease.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by formation of painful ulcers. This PrimeView describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management of PG and effects on patient quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying epidermolysis bullosa, a group of rare and currently incurable genetic disorders characterized by mechanical fragility of affected tissues, mostly skin.

Motile ciliopathies are rare genetic diseases that result in defective beating of motile cilia on epithelial cells. This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and management of motile ciliopathies, and summarizes possible future research.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the rectum and the colon. This PrimeView describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of UC, and highlights the current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation and destruction of small blood vessels. This PrimeView summarizes AAV epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

This illustrated PrimeView accompanies the Primer article by Gold and colleagues, and highlights the mechanisms underlying comorbid depression in individuals with medical diseases.

Podocytopathies are kidney diseases in which injury to podocytes (key cells of the glomerulus, which is the filter in the kidney) result in proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. This PrimeView highlights the changes in how these diseases are classified and treated.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is a syndrome caused by the inhalation of a variety of environmental antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals.

This PrimeView highlights the genetic cause of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, a group of genetic disorders that are characterized by joint hypermobility, soft and hyperextensible skin, poor wound healing, easy bruising and other symptoms.

Overall, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare B cell malignancy, but it is one of the most common cancers in adolescents and young adults. HL is associated with very high cure rates, even in advanced-stage disease.

This PrimeView highlights how mutations in genes encoding proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cardiac action potential can result in inherited cardiac arrhythmias.