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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the consequence of systemic insulin resistance and comprises a spectrum ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis. This PrimeView, which accompanies the Primer by Brunt et al., highlights the causes and pathophysiology of the disorder.
Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancers are classified into four distinct subtypes and affect threefold more women than men. This PrimeView summarizes the molecular landscape of the tumours and the most common risk factors and prevention strategies, including potassium iodide supplementation after radiation exposure.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airway obstruction and is strongly related to smoking. This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of COPD, and highlights the mechanisms operating in the airways that cause this disease.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe weight loss and associated problems of malnutrition. This PrimeView highlights the diagnosis of AN and how patients are treated.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is clinically variable, causing palatal anomalies, immune dysfunction, endocrine abnormalities and cognitive and behavioural delays, among others. This PrimeView focuses on the aetiology, which involves the deletion of a fragment of chromosome 22 (22q11.2).
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that often debuts in adolescence before the onset of psychotic symptoms in adulthood. This PrimeView summarizes the management of schizophrenia, its underlying mechanisms and effects on patient well-being, and the positive, negative and cognitive symptoms that characterize the disorder.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the developed world. This PrimeView describes how incidence over the past 60 years has increased alondside red meat consumption, smoking, alcohol intake and an ageing population.
Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or combined immunodeficiency are severely immunocompromised and susceptible to recurrent infections, which result in early lethality unless immune function is restored. This PrimeView highlights the improvements in quality of life with better treatment strategies.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β in plaques and aggregation of the microtubule protein tau in neurons. This PrimeView summarizes the key points of the Primer by Colin Masters and colleagues.
This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for which women, socioeconomically disadvantaged people and combat-exposed military personnel are at particular risk of acquiring. The management and mechanisms underlying PTSD are also summarized.
Millions of people are infected with HIV globally. This PrimeView summarizes the prevention, management and research goals in HIV, which are described in more detail in the accompanying Primer.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a lateral C-shaped or S-shaped curve of the spine that begins during the adolescent growth spurt. This PrimeView highlights the diagnosis of AIS, which relies on measurement of the Cobb angle, and the possible mechanisms underlying the deformity.
Acne vulgaris is a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit (comprising the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland) and affects approximately 650 million people worldwide. This PrimeView highlights some of the key mechanisms in the development of acne.
People affected by asthma experience chronic inflammation of their airways. This PrimeView summarizes the causes of and treatments for asthma, and highlights risk factors, such as exposure to pollution and allergens, that could be targeted to prevent the disease.
Patients with insomnia disorder experience difficulty sleeping, such as trouble falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep or waking up too early. These problems affect their ability to function during the day. This PrimeView highlights the treatments available for insomnia.
Retinoblastoma is a rare tumour of the eye that develops in infants or young children and is typically caused by loss of both RB1 alleles in retinal cells. This PrimeView summarizes the retinoblastoma Primer, highlighting key points from the article.
The criteria that define fibromyalgia have undergone considerable revisions over the past few decades and remain a topic of debate among rheumatologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and pain specialists. This PrimeView and its associated Primer discuss the understanding — including controversies — of fibromyalgia.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and adults. ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple causes that probably differ between individuals, influenced by genetic variation, environmental factors and the structure and function of the brain.
Diabetic kidney disease is caused by microvascular damage sustained as a result of diabetes, affecting approximately one-third of patients with type 1 diabetes and half of patients with type 2 diabetes. This PrimeView highlights the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for developing diabetic kidney disease.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycaemia caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. This PrimeView focuses on the multifactorial aspects of glycaemic control required to manage patients with the disease.
