PrimeViews in 2020

Autoimmune gastritis is a progressive, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells and loss of intrinsic factor, leading to gastric atrophy. This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management in addition to highlighting how little we know about the pathophysiology of this condition.

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology leading to an overactive thyroid gland. This PrimeView highlights the need for more effective drugs for managing Graves’ disease, as well as summarizes its epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of HIV and ART-related fat alterations, and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Capeau and colleagues.

Corneal dystrophies are bilateral, progressive inherited disorders affecting any part of the cornea and without systemic effects. This PrimeView provides an overview of the types of corneal dystrophies and their epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Whipworms and roundworms are soil-transmitted helminths and gastrointestinal parasites; infection starts with the ingestion of eggs, and adult worms living in the small or large intestine can cause substantial morbidity and reduce the quality of life.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a hyperglycaemic emergency in individuals with diabetes mellitus that can occur when there is insulin deficiency or an acute illness; these triggers induce an increase in levels of counter-regulatory hormones and free fatty acids, leading to metabolic acidosis.

This PrimeView highlights the manifestations and diagnosis of immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, and accompanies the Primer article by Ramos-Casals et al.

This PrimeView accompanies the Primer on Vulvodynia by Bergeron and colleagues, and highlights how we can improve awareness and education of vulvodynia, in addition to providing a summary of the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying uveal melanoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology, mechanisms and management of Crohn’s disease, a progressive, destructive, chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unclear aetiology.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology, mechanisms and management of Colonic diverticular disease, a condition caused by sac-like protrusions in the wall of the large bowel.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology, mechanisms and management of Hidradenitis suppurativa, a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with systemic comorbidities.

A cardiac dysfunction combined with one or more precipitating factors underlies most cases of acute heart failure; several mechanisms can interact and contribute to disease onset.

Ebola virus disease has a high case–fatality rate; there are no approved specific medical countermeasures, but adequate supportive and intensive care can improve outcomes.

This PrimeView highlights the complex set of responses that are triggered in response to a severe burn injury.

This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and management of Down syndrome.

This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and management of lupus nephritis.

This PrimeView summarizes the management of autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically manifests in childhood.

This PrimeView accompanies the Primer on Opioid use disorder by John Strang, Nora Volkow and colleagues, and summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

This PrimeView summarizes the mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of gastrointestinal pain.