PrimeViews in 2018

Ewing sarcoma is a malignant bone or soft-tissue tumour that mainly arises in children, adolescents and young adults. This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying this rare cancer.

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease that, in humans, is caused by influenza A and influenza B viruses. This PrimeView highlights some key preventive measures to stop its spread.

This PrimeView highlights the complex, intertwined mechanisms that underlie the onset and disease course of atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin disease.

Hepatitis B virus can cause a lifelong chronic infection, which is associated with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This illustrated PrimeView highlights the global perspective on the management and prevention of chronic hepatitis B infection.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria can cause severe infections, in particular in health-care settings. This PrimeView focuses on the preventive strategies required to limit the emergence of this pathogen.

Patients with borderline personality disorder face severe stigma owing to the type and severity of symptoms. These symptoms include interpersonal instability, behavioural dysregulation and emotional dysregulation, and are the main focus of this PrimeView

This illustrated PrimeView highlights the diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism, and accompanies the Primer by Huisman and colleagues.

This PrimeView accompanies the Primer by Pappas et al. and highlights the epidemiological features of invasive candidiasis, a common health-care-associated fungal infection with a high mortality.

This illustrated PrimeView accompanies the Primer on Epilepsy by Devinsky and colleagues, and focuses on diagnosis.

This illustrated PrimeView accompanies the Primer on Postpartum psychiatric disorders by Meltzer-Brody et al. and focuses on the manifestations and diagnosis of these disorders.

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is an often life-threatening bleeding in the oesophagus, stomach or proximal duodenum. This PrimeView focuses on the pathophysiology of NVUGIB, which is most often caused by peptic ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori infection or use of NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a liver disease characterized by a T cell-mediated autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals. This PrimeView focuses on the risk factors involved in the development of autoimmune hepatitis.

This PrimeView focuses on the mechanisms of haemochromatosis, a genetic disorder that leads to iron accumulation in parenchymal cells. This PrimeView accompanies the Primer on haemochromatosis by Brissot and colleagues.

A healthy lifestyle can effectively contribute to prevent and manage hypertension (persistently raised blood pressure), and can help to reduce the hypertension-associated risk of developing cardiovascular and renal disease.

This PrimeView highlights the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of sickle cell disease (SCD), which stem from the polymerization of sickle haemoglobin (HbS), a mutant haemoglobin variant. Erythrocytes containing HbS polymers assume the crescent shape that gives SCD its name.

The clinical manifestations of bipolar disorders (principally, mania or hypomania and major depression) are the focus of this illustrated PrimeView, which accompanies the Primer on bipolar disorders by Vieta et al.

Cluster headache is an excruciating, strictly one-sided pain syndrome, the treatment of which focuses on aborting attacks and preventing future attacks.

The risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) which include demographic factors, lifestyle factors and the presence of some chronic disorders, are the focus of this PrimeView, which accompanies the Primer on VCI by van der Flier and colleagues.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease of autoimmune nature. This PrimeView focuses on the pathophysiology of the cartilage damage and bone erosion — the cardinal signs of rheumatoid arthritis.

Burkholderia pseudomallei infection can lead to melioidosis, a disease that has been called ‘the great mimicker’ owing to the variety of its possible manifestations. This PrimeView illustrates the host–pathogen interactions that underlie melioidosis.