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A prospective subgroup analysis of two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials showed that the combination of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is superior to dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had been previously treated with thalidomide; the implications for clinical practice are discussed.
The EICESS-92 trial compared the efficacy of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Subgroup analysis suggested that patients with large, localized tumors benefited from the addition of etoposide, whereas patients with metastases did not.
The findings from a multicenter, screening trial of CT colonography for the detection of large adenomas demonstrated the benefit of this noninvasive technique for assessing patients with an average risk of colorectal cancer.
Patients with a immunohistochemically defined, germinal-center tumor subtype have an improved outcome compared with patients with the non-germinal-center phenotype when treated with CHOP only, according to a prospective study. The benefit was not observed in those treated with the rituximab combination therapy.
Zoledronic acid is effective in the prevention of bone loss in premenopausal women with breast cancer being treated with endocrine therapy. The benefit of zoledronic acid probably extends for some years after cessation of therapy.
Substantial progress has been made in radical cystectomy in the past 25 years, and development of orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction has been an important step in the continued progress of urinary diversion. The orthotopic neobladder should be considered the gold standard with which other forms of diversion are compared.
Transurethral resection of the bladder and adjuvant chemoradiation can permit eradication of the tumor and micrometastases. Close monitoring by sequential cystoscopy and biopsy can achieve similar survival outcomes to radical cystectomy, and could avoid invasive treatment.
Comparison of circulating tumor cell numbers before and after treatment is predictive for overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; this comparison is more helpful than prostate-specific antigen detection, according to a recent study.
