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Specific blockade of the dopamine transporter DAT activates extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) exclusively in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons expressing D1 receptors. Red: phospho-ERK; Blue: DARPP-32; Green: EGFP in D1 neurons. Courtesy of Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez and Jean-Antoine Girault, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Inserm, UPMC, Paris, France.