Abstract
The density matrix renormalization group method has been extensively used to study the ground state of 1D many-body systems since its introduction two decades ago. In spite of its wide use, this heuristic method is known to fail in certain cases and no certifiably correct implementation is known, leaving researchers faced with an ever-growing toolbox of heuristics, none of which is guaranteed to succeed. Here we develop a polynomial time algorithm that provably finds the ground state of any 1D quantum system described by a gapped local Hamiltonian with constant ground-state energy. The algorithm is based on a framework that combines recently discovered structural features of gapped 1D systems with an efficient construction of a class of operators called approximate ground-state projections (AGSPs). The combination of these tools yields a method that is guaranteed to succeed in all 1D gapped systems. An AGSP-centric approach may help guide the search for algorithms for more general quantum systems, including for the central challenge of 2D systems, where even heuristic methods have had more limited success.
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Acknowledgements
The first two authors acknowledge support by ARO Grant W911NF-12-1-0541, NSF Grant CCF-0905626 and Templeton Foundation Grant 21674. The third author was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0844626 and by the Ministry of Education, Singapore under the Tier 3 grant MOE2012-T3-1-009.
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Landau, Z., Vazirani, U. & Vidick, T. A polynomial time algorithm for the ground state of one-dimensional gapped local Hamiltonians. Nature Phys 11, 566–569 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3345
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3345
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