Volume 8 Issue 2, February 2023

Cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells reduce the average lifespan of productively infected cells during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection (a primate model of human immunodeficiency virus infection). However, they are ineffective at preventing the establishment of a persistent reservoir of latently infected cells under long-term antiretroviral therapy.

Chemotaxis towards the interspecies quorum sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2) promotes gut colonization by Escherichia coli and is linked to fructoselysine metabolism. The differential ability of E. coli strains to chemotactically respond to AI-2 further leads to niche segregation and co-existence of E. coli strains in the murine gut.

Rebound virus in the cerebrospinal fluid revealed viral lineages selected for growth in T cells that were clonally amplified and often distinct from the majority of rebound viral lineages in the blood.

An argument for how anaerobic eukaryotes have maintained cellular complexity over evolutionary time, despite reliance on the low energy-yielding fermentation.

The quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 2 can induce chemotaxis in Escherichia coli strains, which promotes gut colonization and co-existence of strains in the murine gut.

Altered nasal microbiome and increased abundance of the commensal bacterium Streptococcus salivarius are characteristic of allergic rhinitis and contribute to its development in vitro and in vivo.

ANME-1 archaea are important because of their ability to metabolize methane through anaerobic oxidation. Here the authors use metagenomics on hydrothermal samples from the Gulf of California to characterize a family of ANME-1 and its virome.

Characterization of the vaginal microbiome and metabolome reveals that vaginal metabolites, including several exogenous xenobiotics, are predictive of spontaneous preterm birth.

Rebound virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a human cohort is a possible HIV-1 reservoir.

Accounting for species interactions is shown to be crucial for building more robust predictions of how climate change will affect the carbon cycle.

Cryo-EM structure of Geobacter cytochrome OmcZ nanowires identifies mechanism of electron conductance.

Depletion of CD8⁺ T cells before infection or early antiretroviral therapy initiation elucidates the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes during formation of the latent simian immunodeficiency virus reservoir.

Different populations of Campylobacteraceae co-exist in the cow rumen epithelial microbiome thanks to metabolic trade-offs in utilization of versus inhibition by acetate and propionate, with implications for host carbon uptake.

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are globally distributed methane consumers for which pure cultures are lacking. Here the authors use multi-omics and FISH on a bioreactor enrichment to reveal metabolically and morphologically distinct life stages in a single ANME lineage.

Isolation and characterization of a selfish genetic element with a virophage lifestyle that co-infects a bloom-forming polar algae along with a partner virus.

Resource allocation in bacteria and adaptation to nutritional downshifts are characterized using a combination of quantitative proteomics and coarse-grained physiological modelling.