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A substudy nested within a double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh shows that drinking chlorinated water had relatively minor impacts on children’s gut microbiome development in this setting.
High-resolution sampling across thousands of kilometres of open ocean reveals a hotspot of viruses at the boundary of major oceanic gyres that, at times, shaped the abundance and biogeography of marine picocyanobacteria.
The human gut microbiota can metabolize xanthan gum, a food additive that was introduced to our diets relatively recently in processed foods. A Ruminococcaceae species can degrade this complex polysaccharide and, in some individuals, Bacteroides intestinalis can grow on the released oligosaccharide products.
To promote expression of the most recently acquired CRISPR spacers, the transcribed leader region upstream of CRISPR arrays interacts with the conserved repeats bordering the newest spacer, with the resulting interaction promoting tracrRNA hybridization with the second repeat and accelerating crRNA processing
Using microbiome data analysis and a self-establishing metabolically cooperating yeast community model, the authors show that the presence of auxotrophs in a microbial community increases metabolic interactions between cells and fosters antimicrobial drug tolerance.
A comprehensive analysis of the distribution and evolution of the main outer membrane tethering systems across bacteria, coupled with experimental deletion of one of these systems in Veillonella parvula, provide insights into the transition from diderm to monoderm bacteria
Targeted-directed genome mining identified a widespread family of bacterial ClpP-associated clusters whose active products previously eluded detection. One of these clusters from Streptomyces cattleya produces clipibicyclene that selectively inactivates ClpP and may play a role in bacterial competition.
l-cysteine is required for the growth of Lactobacillus iners, a vaginal microbiome species typically associated with adverse outcomes that lacks cysteine biosynthesis pathways and key uptake mechanisms present in other lactobacilli. Cystine uptake inhibitors can be used to suppress L. iners abundance in vitro in favour of L. crispatus, a species associated with favourable outcomes.
The characterization of an extracellular contractile injection system (eCIS) from the marine bacterium Algoriphagus machipongonensis (AlgoCIS) reveals structural features linked to the assembly and function of this nanomachine.
The characterization of a contractile injection system anchored in the thylakoid membrane of Anabaena reveals structural features linked to the unique localization and function of this cyanobacterial nanomachine.
A longitudinal analysis of the neutralizing antibody response dynamics in 214 COVID-19 convalescents up to 16 months after infection shows that despite substantial declines in antibody levels over time, they could still provide protection against circulating variants even after one year of infection in most individuals, although neutralizing activities were reduced, particularly against Beta, Delta and Mu SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Analysis of the effectiveness of three vaccines to protect against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes caused by Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants in Ontario, Canada, suggests that a single dose provides considerable protection, two doses provide even higher protection, and effectiveness against hospitalization or death is similar to or higher than against symptomatic infection.
Genome-wide histone acetylation profiling in cohorts of patients with active and latent tuberculosis reveals acetylation changes in host immune cells modulating potassium channel expression and apoptosis response.
Genomic analyses of 1,246 Shigella isolates collected from seven LMICs reveal the important role of Shigella genomic diversity in vaccination design and Shigella evolution of resistance against currently recommended antibiotic treatments, underscoring the use of pathogenomics for shigellosis prevention and control.
Analysis of bacterial, archaeal, fungal and viral species in the gut microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer identified cross-kingdom interactions and multi-kingdom markers of disease.
HDP1 is a novel DNA-binding protein that functions as a positive transcriptional regulator of genes that gives Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes their characteristic ‘banana’ shape.
Multi-omics analyses of faecal samples from patients with ulcerative colitis reveal a link between Bacteroides vulgatus protease activity and severity of disease symptoms.
Longitudinal multi-omic analysis of 114 healthy infants from birth to 12 months of age showed that first viral encounters are associated with airway inflammation, changes in respiratory microbiota and later susceptibility to clinical respiratory tract infections.
The recovery of two circularized genomes of the Heimdallarchaeum species from hydrothermal vent enrichment cultures reveals that these Asgard archaea carry diverse mobile genetic elements, such as an integrative viral genome and aloposons. These mobile genetic elements contain several bacteria- and phage-derived genes, modulating the shuffling of information between bacteria and archaea, and potentially influencing eukaryogenesis.
An optimized transmission caging system reveals the increased transmission competitiveness of the Alpha variant via aerosols compared with SARS-CoV- 2 lineage A in vivo.