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As medical AI development gathers momentum, a new study reveals that much work still needs to be done before the public will willingly embrace AI-based technologies in healthcare.
Prespecified exploratory genomic and transcriptomic profiling of tumor tissues and circulating tumor DNA from patients with BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer who participated in the phase 3 BEACON CRC trial identifies biomarkers of response and mechanisms of acquired resistance to treatment with the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, with or without the MEK inhibitor binimetinib.
Identifying a complex panel of bias dimensions to be evaluated, a framework is proposed to assess how prone large language models are to biased reasoning, with possible consequences on equity-related harms, and is applied to a large-scale and diverse user survey on Med-PaLM 2.
A single-cell ex vivo screening of repurposable drugs in glioblastoma and machine learning of drug–target networks show that anti-tumor neuroactive drugs converge on the AP-1/BTG pathway, based on which prediction models and experimental in vivo and in silico validation identify the anti-depressant vortioxetine as a potential therapeutic agent.
A combination of cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention program uncovered altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents with obesity and demonstrated that a personalized obesity management program can restore a healthy lipid profile.
Plozasiran reduced triglyceride levels by 80% and lowered the risk of pancreatitis in patients with persistent chylomicronemia, with or without a genetic diagnosis.
For individuals with pacemakers, a care pathway that includes echocardiographic screening to detect signs of heart failure did not improve cardiac outcomes, but patients flagged as having impaired heart function who were managed by a specialized heart failure clinic benefited, as compared to those managed by primary care physicians.
Studies in China show how large language models can improve primary healthcare systems, but equitably scaling this technology will require attention to rural, low-resource settings and the companion policies that support its implementation.
The ETER701 trial demonstrates that a four-drug regimen, involving the addition of anti-angiogenesis therapy to immuno-chemotherapy, improves survival outcomes for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer — but is more indeed better when it comes to treating this intractable disease?
Genomic and epidemiologic analyses revealed that a novel reassortant viral lineage of the Oropouche virus, which has been circulating in the western Amazon region of Brazil for about a decade, is associated with the recent human outbreaks between 2022 and 2024.
As drastically rising global temperatures threaten the health and wellbeing of populations, solutions that drive policy action must be based on scientific evidence of which strategies work in different scenarios.
Extreme heat events are expected to become more frequent because of climate change. Our analysis of almost 140,000 births across 16 hospitals in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa indicates 34% higher odds of perinatal mortality (stillbirth or death up to 24 hours after birth) if extreme heat occurred in the week preceding childbirth.
Trained on a cohort of 45,064 cases and validated on data acquired from mobile computed tomography scanners deployed in rural China, a lung cancer screening deep learning model is shown to outperform existing lung cancer risk scores.
In a large cohort with a 23-month median follow-up of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study, ctDNA-based detection of molecular residual disease was predictive of survival outcomes and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.
In the phase 2 adaptive BELLINI trial, patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer received neoadjuvant nivolumab with or without ipilimumab, showing immune activation, clearance of circulating tumor DNA and promising clinical response rates, especially in patients preselected based on high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
In the observational SCRUM-Japan GOZILA study, after a median follow-up of 11 months, patients with metastatic gastrointestinal tumors who received biomarker-matched therapies based on circulating tumor DNA profiling showed a greater clinical benefit than those receiving unmatched therapy.
In the phase 2 NICHE-3 trial, patients with locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD1 and anti-LAG3 agents showed high rates of pathological responses, requiring validation in larger trials.
In the I-SPY2.2 trial, patients with high-risk stage 2/3 breast cancer received neoadjuvant datopotamab–deruxtecan, followed by sequential chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy, with the option of early surgical resection after each block of therapy. In a subgroup of patients, the sequential treatment strategy was superior to standard of care.