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Volume 9 Issue 7, July 2003

The cover image represents 20 years of HIV science. The electron micrograph is one of the very first of HIV-1 particles, taken 4 February 1983, and the transition to the artist's rendition of an HIV particle as we understand it today represents our progress in knowledge. Depicted on the virion surface are the glycosylated envelope trimer and various cellular proteins. Inside the capsid are the two RNA molecules with nucleocapsid attached, plus reverse transcriptase, protease, Vpr and integrase. Vif is shown between the capsid and matrix layers.(Electron micrograph courtesy of the Institut Pasteur. Magnification x100,000. Graphic by Ken Eward of BioGrafx.)

Volume 9 Issue 7

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Editorial

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News

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Correspondence

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Book Review

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News & Views

  • New antibodies specific for the misfolded, and presumably pathogenic, form of the PrP protein have now made their long-awaited debut. These antibodies could provide tools for diagnostics, research and therapy (pages 893–899).

    • Byron Caughey
    News & Views

  • Angiogenesis inhibitors have shown promise in hindering blood supply and holding tumors in check. But it now seems that such inhibitors, by depriving tumors of oxygen, could have an unintended effect: promotion of metastasis.

    • Patricia S Steeg
    News & Views

  • Autoantibodies to group A streptococcocal sugar moieties are now implicated in Sydenham chorea, a neuropsychiatric complication of rheumatic fever. These antibodies appear to disturb neuronal cell function by binding to glycolipids (pages 914–920).

    • Robert S Fujinami
    • Thayne L Sweeten
    News & Views

  • Expanded glutamine repeats cause brain degeneration associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Two studies now look beyond the repeat, implicating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt signaling pathway and 14-3-3 proteins in polyglutamine toxicity.

    • Henry Paulson
    News & Views

  • Improper ion balance resulting from defects in the ion channel CFTR underlies cystic fibrosis. Separate control mechanisms are now shown to regulate the flux of chloride and bicarbonate through this channel.

    • Jeffrey J Wine
    News & Views

  • Astrocyte projections extend to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promote its maturation. These astrocytes are now shown to secrete a factor that appears to integrate signaling networks necessary for BBB development and maintenance (pages 900–906).

    • Peter Rieckmann
    • Britta Engelhardt
    News & Views

    • Charlotte Schubert
    • Stacie Grossman
    News & Views
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Perspective

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Foreword

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Commentary

  • From the identification of HIV as the agent that causes AIDS, to the development of effective antiretroviral drugs, the scientific achievements in HIV research in the past 20 years have been formidable. Some of the other important areas of accomplishment include the development of blood tests for HIV and increased knowledge of the molecular virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus.

    • Anthony S Fauci
    Commentary

  • Between the first analysis of patient samples in early 1983 and the determination of the sequence of HIV-1 in 1985, a vast amount of data was accumulated on HIV through the integrated efforts of clinicians, virologists, immunologists, molecular biologists and epidemiologists. These early years of HIV research quickly led to strategies for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of HIV/AIDs

    • Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
    Commentary
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Review Article

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Commentary

  • Although the future of HIV science is uncertain, we need to reappraise HIV diversity, pathogenesis and immunity. The AIDS pandemic threatens the success of existing vaccine programs and may accelerate the emergence of new infectious diseases.

    • Robin A Weiss
    Commentary
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