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Letters to Editor
Nature Medicine 4, 984 (1998)
doi:10.1038/1952
Cancer, angiogenesis and fractals
James W. Baish1 & Rakesh K. Jain2
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
To the editor—The recent commentary by Coffey1 emphasizes the value of nonlinear dynamics and fractals as tools for studying aspects of biological pattern formation that are not readily accessible to strictly molecular methods. Our studies of the vascular architecture in tumors2, 3, 4, 5 support Coffey's points about the delicate interplay among gradients in diffusible cytokines, heterogeneity of cell phenotypes and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix.
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